Highly turbulent quench chamber

1. A method of cooling a reactive mixture in a quench chamber, where the reaction mixture comprises plasma-energized precursor material from an output of a plasma reactor, comprising:

flowing the reactive mixture from a reactor through a reactive mixture inlet into a quench region having a frusto-conical shape with a wide end and a narrow end, the quench region formed within a portion of a quench chamber having a frusto-conical surface, wherein the flow of the reactive mixture forms a mixture momentum vector leading from the wide end to the narrow end, and wherein the quench region is configured to enable the reactive mixture to expand upon exiting the reactive mixture inlet;

flowing a conditioning fluid into the quench region through at least one fluid supply inlet separate from the reactive mixture inlet along a plurality of conditioning momentum vectors from the wide end to the narrow end, wherein the flow of conditioning fluid into the quench region forms a turbulent flow within the quench region, wherein a gap is formed between the reactive mixture inlet and the frusto-conical surface of the frusto-conical body, the gap acting as a channel for supplying conditioning fluid into the quench region, and wherein the frusto-conical surface of the frusto-conical body is configured to produce the turbulent flow within the quench region;

mixing the conditioning fluid and the reactive mixture within the turbulent flow of the quench region, thereby quenching the reactive mixture with the conditioning fluid to form a cooled gas-particle mixture; and

flowing the cooled gas-particle mixture out of an outlet at the narrow end of the quench region, wherein the cooled gas-particle mixture comprises a plurality of particles entrained in a fluid.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the conditioning momentum vectors form an angle between them that is greater than or equal to 90 degrees.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the conditioning momentum vectors has an oblique angle greater than 20 degrees relative to the mixture momentum vector.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the gap formed between the reactive mixture inlet and the frusto-conical surface of the frusto-conical body is formed by positioning the outlet a first distance away from the center of the reactive mixture inlet, positioning the frusto-conical surface at least a second distance away from the perimeter of the reactive mixture inlet, forming the gap therebetween, and the first distance is greater than the second distance.

5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the step of adjusting the relative positioning of the frusto-conical surface and the reactive mixture inlet, thereby adjusting the first distance and the second distance.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the turbulent flow within the quench region has a Reynolds Number of at least 1000.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adjusting the volume of the quench region.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adjusting the angle of at least one of the conditioning momentum vectors.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adjusting the temperature of the frusto-conical surface.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adjusting the flow rate of the conditioning fluid into the quench region.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning fluid is an inert gas.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conditioning fluid is argon.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of flowing the reactive mixture from the reactor into the quench region is preceded by the step of producing the reactive mixture in the reactor, wherein the step of producing the reactive mixture comprises:

flowing a working gas into the reactor;

delivering energy to the working gas, thereby forming a plasma;

flowing the precursor material into the reactor; and

applying the plasma to the precursor material within the reactor, thereby forming the reactive mixture.