Compositions for passive NO
The present disclosure relates to a substrate containing passive NO x adsorption (PNA) materials for treatment of gases, and washcoats for use in preparing such a substrate. Also provided are methods of preparation of the PNA materials, as well as methods of preparation of the substrate containing the PNA materials. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a coated substrate containing PNA materials for PNA systems, useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel or gasoline vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel or gasoline vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates.
1. A coated substrate comprising:
a substrate; and
a Passive NOx Adsorber (PNA) layer comprising nano-sized platinum group metal (PGM) on a plurality of support particles comprising cerium oxide, wherein the amount of cerium oxide used in the PNA layer is from about 50 g/L to about 400 g/L.
2. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer stores NO x gas up to at least a first temperature and releases the stored NO x gas at or above the first temperature.
3. The coated substrate of claim 2 , wherein the first temperature is 150° C.
4. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support particles are micron-sized.
5. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support particles are nano-sized.
6. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of support particles further comprise zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, or a combination thereof.
7. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles is produced by wet chemistry techniques followed by calcination.
8. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles is produced by incipient wetness followed by calcination.
9. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles comprise composite nano-particles, wherein the composite nano-particles comprise a support-nano-particle and a PGM nano-particle.
10. The coated substrate of claim 9 , wherein the composite nano-particles are bonded to micron-sized carrier particles to form nano-on-nano-on-micro particles.
11. The coated substrate of claim 10 , wherein the carrier particles comprise cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, or a combination thereof.
12. The coated substrate of claim 11 , wherein the carrier particle comprises 86 wt % cerium oxide, 10 wt % zirconium oxide, and 4 wt % lanthanum oxide.
13. The coated substrate of claim 9 , wherein the composite nano-particles are embedded within carrier particles to form nano-on-nano-in-micro particles.
14. The coated substrate of claim 9 , wherein the composite nano-particles are plasma created.
15. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PGM comprises palladium.
16. The coated substrate of claim 15 , wherein the PNA layer comprises about 2 g/L to about 4 g/L palladium.
17. The coated substrate of claim 16 , wherein the PNA layer comprises about 3 g/L palladium.
18. The coated substrate of claim 15 , wherein the coated substrate is used in a greater than or equal to 2.5 L engine system.
19. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PGM comprises ruthenium.
20. The coated substrate of claim 19 , wherein the PNA layer comprises about 3 g/L to about 15 g/L ruthenium.
21. The coated substrate of claim 20 , wherein the PNA layer comprises about 5 g/L to about 6 g/L ruthenium.
22. The coated substrate of claim 19 , wherein the first temperature is 300° C.
23. The coated substrate of claim 19 , wherein the coated substrate is used in a less than or equal to 2.5 L engine system.
24. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer comprises greater than or equal to about 150 g/L of the plurality of support particles.
25. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer comprises greater than or equal to about 300 g/L of the plurality of support particles.
26. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the PNA layer further comprises boehmite particles.
27. The coated substrate of claim 26 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles comprises 95% to 98% by weight of the mixture of the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles and boehmite particles in the PNA layer.
28. The coated substrate of claim 27 , wherein the boehmite particles comprise 2% to 5% by weight of the mixture of the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles and boehmite particles in the PNA layer.
29. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises cordierite.
30. The coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a honeycomb structure.
31. The coated substrate of claim 1 , further comprising a corner-fill layer deposited directly on the substrate.
32. A washcoat composition comprising a solids content of:
95% to 98% by weight nano-sized PGM on a plurality of support particles comprising cerium oxide; and
2% to 5% by weight of boehmite particles.