System and method for combustion of multiple fuels
According to embodiments, a co-fired or multiple fuel combustion system is configured to apply an electric field to a combustion region corresponding to a second fuel that normally suffers from poor combustion and/or high sooting. Application of an AC voltage to the combustion region was found to increase the extent of combustion and significantly reduce soot evolved from the second fuel.
1. A co-fired combustion apparatus, comprising:
a first fuel-introduction body configured to provide a first fuel to a first combustion reaction;
a second fuel-introduction body configured to provide a second fuel to a second combustion reaction, wherein the second combustion reaction emits an exhaust flow having a plurality of combustion particle classifications and wherein the first fuel introduction body is positioned relative to the second fuel introduction body to cause the first combustion reaction to at least intermittently provide heat to the second combustion reaction; and
an electrode assembly associated with the second fuel introduction body or a combustion volume to which the second fuel introduction body provides the second fuel, the electrode assembly being configured to be driven to or maintained at one or more first voltages selected to provide an electric field to the combustion volume;
a charge source, separate from the electrode assembly, configured to supply electrical charges into the exhaust flow;
a high voltage power supply (HVPS) configured to apply an electrical potential having a first polarity to the charge source;
a collector plate including an electrical conductor coupled to receive an electrical potential having a second polarity from a node operatively coupled to the HVPS, the collector plate disposed above and a distal to the second combustion reaction and arranged to cause at least one combustion particle classification to flow to a collection location and to cause at least one different combustion particle classification to flow to one or more locations different from the collection location.
2. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrode assembly includes one or more electrodes proximate or within the second combustion region.
3. The co-fired apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second fuel forms a portion of a fluidized bed.
4. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the apparatus is enclosed within a housing.
5. The co-fired apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a portion of the housing is operable to be driven to or held at one or more second voltages.
6. The co-fired apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the electrode assembly comprises a portion of the housing.
7. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrode assembly comprises the second fuel-introduction body.
8. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second fuel-introduction body comprises a crucible assembly configured to support the second fuel.
9. The co-fired apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the electrode assembly comprises the crucible assembly.
10. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first fuel-introduction body comprises a burner assembly.
11. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first fuel-introduction body is operable to be driven to or held at one or more second voltages.
12. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrode assembly associated with the second combustion region is operable to increase combustion efficiency of the second combustion when the electrode assembly is driven to or held at the one or more first voltages.
13. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second combustion produces a combustion product stream having a flow; and
wherein the electrode assembly associated with the second combustion region is operable to generate a combustion product stream flow having turbulent flow when the electrode assembly is driven to or held at the one or more first voltages.
14. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first fuel is substantially liquid or gaseous.
15. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second fuel is substantially solid.
16. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a stoker configured to introduce the second fuel to the second combustion region.
17. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the apparatus is enclosed within a flue, stack, or pipe configured to convey a combustion product stream generated by at least the second combustion.
18. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first fuel includes at least one of natural gas, propane, butane, coal, or oil.
19. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second fuel includes one or more of rubber, wood, glycerin, an industrial waste stream, a post-consumer waste stream, an industrial by-product, garbage, hazardous waste, human waste, animal waste, animal carcasses, forestry residue, batteries, tires, waste plant material, or landfill waste.
20. The co-fired combustion apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first burner assembly configured to support the first combustion; and
a burner support configured to support the first burner assembly in a housing.
21. The co-fired apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the charge source includes one or more shaped electrodes.
22. The co-fired apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the one or more shaped electrodes are positioned within the combustion volume above and to a side of the flame and adjacent to the exhaust flow.
23. The co-fired apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the one or more shaped electrodes are tapered to a sharp tip directed into the exhaust flow.
24. The co-fired apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the one or more shaped electrodes generate a corona discharge proximate to the sharp tip.
25. The co-fired apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the corona discharge generates an ionic wind passing through the exhaust flow.
26. The co-fired apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the ionic wind is partly responsible for causing the at least one combustion particle classification to flow to the collection location.
27. The co-fired apparatus of claim 25 , wherein the corona discharge is selected to cause a charge to attach to all or most of the plurality of combustion particle classifications.
28. The co-fired apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the collector plate includes an electrically conductive surface proximate to the exhaust flow.
29. The co-fired apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the electrically conductive surface includes a metal.
30. The co-fired apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the metal is iron, steel, copper, silver or aluminum, or alloys of each, wherein the preponderant constituent of the alloy consists of iron, steel, copper, silver or aluminum.
31. The co-fired apparatus of claim 30 , further comprising a director conduit configured to receive the flow of the at least one combustion particle classification at the collection location and to convey the flow of at the least one combustion particle classification to an output location.
32. The co-fired apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the director conduit includes an inlet port disposed above the combustion volume proximate the collection location, an outlet port disposed adjacent the combustion volume proximate the flame, and a hollow body connecting the inlet and outlet ports.
33. The co-fired apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the director conduit further includes a fan, impeller or vacuum means to provide an additional dragging force on the first combustion particle classification through the hollow connecting body from the inlet port to the outlet port.
34. The co-fired apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the output location is selected to cause the flow of the at least one combustion particle classification to flow toward the flame.
35. The co-fired apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the director conduit includes a dielectric or insulator material.
36. The co-fired apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the dielectric or insulator material is selected from the list consisting of elastomeric foam, fiberglass, ceramics, refractory brick, alumina, quartz, fused glass, silica, VYCOR™, and combination thereof.