High strength glass-ceramics having lithium disilicate and beta-spodumene structures
Glass and glass ceramic compositions having a combination of lithium disilicate and β-spodumene crystalline phases along with methods of making the glass and glass ceramic compositions are described. The compositions are compatible with conventional rolling and float processes and have high mechanical strength and fracture resistance. Further, the compositions are able to be chemically tempered to even higher strength glass ceramics that are useful as large substrates in multiple applications.
1. A glass ceramic comprising:
30-65 wt % of a lithium disilicate first crystalline phase; and
20-60 wt % of a β-spodunnene second crystalline phase,
wherein the glass ceramic has a composition comprising, in wt %:
SiO 2 : 73-82%;
Al 2 O 3 : 5-12.5%;
Li 2 O: 8-15%;
Na 2 O: >0-5%;
K 2 O: 0-2%;
(Na 2 O+K 2 O): 0-5%;
P 2 O 5 : >0-4%;
ZrO 2 : 0-10%; and
TiO 2 : 0-4%.
2. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , comprising:
40-55 wt % of a lithium disilicate first crystalline phase; and
25-45 wt % of a β-spodunnene second crystalline phase.
3. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the residual glass phase comprises less than 25 wt %.
4. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic has a composition comprising, in wt %:
SiO 2 : 73-80%;
Al 2 O 3 : 6-9%;
Li 2 O: 10-13%;
Na 2 O: ≧0-2.5%;
K 2 O: 0-2%;
(Na 2 O+K 2 O): 1-3%;
P 2 O 5 : 1-3%;
ZrO 2 : 0-5%; and
TiO 2 : 0-4%.
5. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion greater than 5 ppm/° C.
6. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic has a fracture toughness of about 2 MPa·m 1/2 or greater.
7. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic has a Vickers indentation crack initiation load of about 15 kgf or greater.
8. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , further comprising about 2-12% B 2 O 3 .
9. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic comprises a color presented in CIELAB color space coordinates determined from reflectance spectra measurements using a spectrophotometer, with illuminant D65 and specular reflectance excluded, of the following ranges:
a*=from about −1 to about +3;
b*=from about −7 to about +3; and
L*>85.
10. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic is formed from a base glass having a liquidus viscosity greater than 1000 P.
11. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic comprises, in wt %:
TiO 2 : >0-3%, and
ZrO 2 : >0-4.
12. The glass ceramic of claim 1 , wherein the glass ceramic further comprises a coloring component.
13. The glass ceramic of claim 12 , wherein the coloring component comprises V 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MnO 2 , NiO, ZnO, CuO, NiO, Co 3 O 4 , and combinations thereof.
14. The glass ceramic of claim 13 , wherein the total wt % of coloring component is from >0 to about 4 wt %.
15. A method of forming a glass of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises:
a. forming a glass composition,
b. ceramming the glass composition.