Integrated devices to facilitate quantitative assays and diagnostics
Devices are described for providing quantitative information relating to a sample. Example devices include a flexible substrate, a sample receiver at least partially formed in or disposed on the flexible substrate, electronic circuitry and at least one indicator electrically coupled to the electronic circuitry. The flexible substrate includes at least one paper-based portion, at least one elastomeric portion, or at least one plastic portion. The electronic circuitry and the at least one indicator are at least partially formed in or disposed on the flexible substrate. The electronic circuitry generates an analysis result based on an output signal from the sample or a derivative of the sample. The at least one indicator provides an indication of the quantitative information relating to the sample based at least in part on the at least one analysis result.
1. A device for providing quantitative information relating to a sample, the device comprising:
a substrate comprising at least one paper-based portion;
a sample receiver to receive the sample, wherein the sample receiver is at least partially formed in or disposed on the at least one paper-based portion;
electronic circuitry at least partially formed in or disposed on the substrate, wherein the electronic circuitry generates at least one analysis result based on an output signal from the sample or a derivative of the sample;
at least one indicator at least partially formed in or disposed on the substrate, and electrically coupled to the electronic circuitry, wherein the at least one indicator provides an indication of the quantitative information relating to the sample based at least in part on the at least one analysis result; and
a container at least partially formed in or disposed on the substrate, wherein the container is coupled to the sample receiver to retain the sample or the derivative of the sample.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electronic circuitry analyzes the output signal from the sample or the derivative of the sample, and wherein the electronic circuitry generates the at least one analysis result based on the analysis of the output signal.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a channel disposed between the sample receiver and the container, and formed at least partially in or disposed on at least one paper-based portion, to transfer the sample or the derivative of the sample from the sample receiver to the container.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the channel is formed in at least one paper-based portion of the substrate, and wherein at least one paper-based portion is configured to wick the sample or the derivative of the sample from the sample receiver to the container by capillary action.
5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a reagent disposed in the container to react with the sample or the derivative of the sample, when either is present, wherein the output signal comprises a reaction output of the reagent and the sample or the derivative of the sample.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the substrate further comprises a water resistant material,
wherein a fluidic channel is formed between at least one paper-based portion and the water resistant material to transfer the sample or the derivative of the sample to the container to react with the reagent.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the water resistant material comprises (poly)dimethylsiloxanc.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a reagent disposed in the container to react with the sample or the derivative of the sample, when either is present, wherein the output signal represents a degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample, and wherein the output signal comprises at least one of:
an optical signal representing the degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample;
an electrochemical signal representing the degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample;
an electrical signal representing the degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample; and
an acoustic signal representing the degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the optical signal is a color change, wherein the electrical signal is an impedance change, and wherein the acoustic signal is a pressure change.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the output signal comprises an electrical signal, wherein the electrical signal is an impedance change representing the degree to which the reagent reacts with the sample or the derivative of the sample, and wherein the electrical circuitry comprises at least one pair of electrodes to generate the electrical signal representing the impedance change.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the sample comprises blood, and wherein:
the device is configured to filter plasma from the blood;
the reagent comprises a glucose oxidase to react with glucose in the plasma to form gluconic acid; and
the electrical signal provides an indication of a concentration of glucose in the plasma.
12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the quantitative information comprises at least one of:
a glucose level;
a T-cell concentration;
a microorganism concentration;
a water-based pathogen concentration;
a bovine serum albumin (BVA) concentration;
a bacterial concentration;
a viral load;
an antigen level;
an antibody level;
a diagnosis of tuberculosis;
a diagnosis of dengue fever;
a cardiac enzyme concentration; and
a diagnosis of malaria.