X-band surface mount microstrip-fed patch antenna
An antenna array for use with an X-band weather radar system comprises a printed circuit board, a plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of integrated circuit packages. The printed circuit board includes a first side and an opposing second side. The antenna elements are configured to transmit and receive radio waves at frequencies in the X-band. The antenna elements are electrically connected to the first side of the printed circuit board and positioned thereon in a two-dimensional array. A center of each antenna element is located on a point of a grid with grid points orthogonally spaced apart. Each integrated circuit package includes a transmitter electronic circuit and a receiver electronic circuit that are each in electronic communication with one antenna element. Each integrated circuit package is positioned on the first side of the printed circuit board to underlie one antenna element.
1. An antenna array for use with an X-band weather radar system, the antenna array comprising:
a printed circuit board including a first side and an opposing second side;
a plurality of integrated circuit packages, each integrated circuit package electrically connected to the first side of the printed circuit board and including at least one of a transmitter electronic circuit and a receiver electronic circuit; and
a plurality of antenna elements configured to transmit and receive radio waves at frequencies in the X-band, the antenna elements positioned on the printed circuit board in a two-dimensional array, each antenna element positioned above a corresponding integrated circuit package and separated from the integrated circuit package by an air gap;
wherein a center of each antenna element is located on a point of a grid with grid points orthogonally spaced apart, each antenna element in electronic communication with the at least of the transmitter electronic circuit and the receiver electronic circuit in the corresponding integrated circuit package under the antenna element.
2. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein each antenna element includes a substrate with a top wall and four side walls attached thereto, such that the top wall and the side walls form the shape of a portion of a frusto pyramid over the integrated circuit package.
3. The antenna array of claim 2 , wherein each antenna element includes a signal conductor pad disposed on an upper surface of the top wall and a ground conductor pad disposed on a lower surface of the top wall, the air gap separating a top surface and side surfaces of the integrated circuit package from the ground conductor pad disposed on the lower surface of the antenna element's top wall.
4. The antenna array of claim 3 , wherein each side wall of each antenna element substrate includes an outer surface and an opposing inner surface and wherein each antenna element includes
a first signal conductor trace electrically connected to the signal conductor pad, the first signal conductor trace positioned on the outer surface of a first side wall, and
a second signal conductor trace electrically connected to the signal conductor pad, the second signal conductor trace positioned on the outer surface of a second side wall adjacent to the first side wall.
5. The antenna array of claim 4 , wherein the first side wall is orthogonal to the second side wall.
6. The antenna array of claim 2 , wherein the four side walls of each antenna element substrate contact the first side of the printed circuit board and define a quadrilateral-shaped boundary thereon and the integrated circuit package positioned under the antenna element is on the first side of the printed circuit board within the quadrilateral-shaped boundary.
7. The antenna array of claim 2 , wherein the substrate of each antenna element is formed from polymer material.
8. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein an electronic signal received on the first signal conductor trace is converted to a radio wave with a first polarization and the electronic signal received on the second signal conductor trace is converted to the radio wave with a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization.
9. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the transmitter electronic circuit includes a power amplifier and the receiver electronic circuit includes a low noise amplifier.
10. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the center of each antenna element is located on a point of a grid with grid points orthogonally spaced approximately between about 0.50 to 0.60 radio wave wavelength apart.
11. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein each antenna element includes a top wall and each integrated circuit package includes a top surface, and wherein the air gap separates the top surface of the integrated circuit package and the lower surface of the antenna element's top wall.
12. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein each antenna element includes a square microstrip signal conductor pad in communication with the transmitter electronic circuit and the receiver electronic circuit.
13. The antenna array of claim 12 , wherein the square microstrip signal conductor pad transmits and receives radio waves with orthogonal polarizations.
14. The antenna array of claim 1 , wherein each integrated circuit package includes an air gap between a top surface and a bottom surface of the integrated circuit package.
15. An antenna array for use with an X-band weather radar system, the antenna array comprising:
a printed circuit board including a first side and an opposing second side;
a plurality of integrated circuit packages, each integrated circuit package electrically connected to the first side of the printed circuit board and including at least one of a transmitter electronic circuit and a receiver electronic circuit; and
a plurality of antenna elements configured to transmit and receive radio waves at frequencies in the X-band, the antenna elements positioned on the printed circuit board in a two-dimensional array, each antenna element positioned above a corresponding integrated circuit package and separated from the integrated circuit package by an air gap,
wherein a center of each antenna element is located on a point of a grid with grid points orthogonally spaced approximately between about 0.50 to 0.60 radio wave wavelength apart, each antenna element in electronic communication with the at least of the transmitter electronic circuit and the receiver electronic circuit in the corresponding integrated circuit package under the antenna element, and
wherein each antenna element includes—
a substrate with a top wall and four side walls attached thereto, such that the top wall and the side walls form the shape of a portion of a frusto pyramid over the integrated circuit package,
a signal conductor pad disposed on an upper surface of the top wall,
a ground conductor pad disposed on a lower surface of the top wall,
a first signal conductor trace electrically connected to the signal conductor pad, the first signal conductor trace positioned on an outer surface of a first side wall, and
a second signal conductor trace electrically connected to the signal conductor pad, the second signal conductor trace positioned on an outer surface of a second side wall adjacent to the first side wall.
16. The antenna array of claim 15 , wherein an electronic signal received on the first signal conductor trace is converted to a radio wave with a first polarization and the electronic signal received on the second signal conductor trace is converted to the radio wave with a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization.
17. The antenna array of claim 15 , wherein the center of each antenna element is located on a point of a grid with grid points orthogonally spaced approximately between about 0.50 to 0.60 radio wave wavelength apart.