Catalyst layer assembly
A reinforced catalyst layer assembly, suitably for use in a fuel cell, said reinforced catalyst layer assembly comprising: (i) a planar reinforcing component consisting of a porous material having pores extending through the thickness of the material in the z-direction, and (ii) a first catalyst component comprising a first catalyst material and a first ion-conducting material, characterized in that the first catalyst component is at least partially embedded within the planar reinforcing component, forming a first catalyst layer having a first surface and a second surface is disclosed.
1. A reinforced catalyst layer assembly, suitable for use in a fuel cell, said reinforced catalyst layer assembly comprising:
(i) a planar reinforcing component formed from a porous material having pores extending through a thickness of the material in a z-direction, the planar reinforcing component having a first surface and a second surface, wherein each pore has a cross-sectional diameter of from 1 mm to 10 nm;
(ii) a first catalyst layer having a first surface and a second surface, the first catalyst layer comprising a first ion-conducting material and a first primary metal, and having a first primary metal loading of less than 4 mg/cm 2 ;
(iii) a second catalyst layer having a first surface and a second surface, the second catalyst layer comprising a second ion-conducting material and a second primary metal, and having a second primary metal loading of less than 4 mg/cm 2 ;
(iv) an ion-conducting layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the ion-conducting layer is in contact with the first surface of the first catalyst layer, and the second surface of the ion-conducting layer is in contact with the first surface of the second catalyst layer,
wherein the planar reinforcing component extends through the thickness of the ion-conducting layer, extends into the first catalyst layer by an amount at least equal to the thickness of the first catalyst layer and not more than 50 μm beyond the second surface of the first catalyst layer, and extends into the second catalyst layer by an amount at least equal to the thickness of the second catalyst layer and not more than 50 μm beyond the second surface of the second catalyst layer.
2. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from an expanded material, a woven or non-woven fabric or a cellular reinforcing material comprising a number of cells prepared from a metal, carbon, ceramic or polymer material.
3. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is made from a non-electrically conducting material.
4. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a first microporous layer is present on the second surface of the first catalyst layer.
5. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a second microporous layer is present on the second surface of the second catalyst layer.
6. A gas diffusion electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer and the reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 .
7. A membrane electrode assembly comprising the reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 .
8. A membrane electrode assembly comprising the gas diffusion electrode according to claim 6 .
9. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethyleneperfluoroalkoxy(methylvinylether), fluorinated ethylene propylene, and a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene.
10. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component in the z-direction ranges from 10 μm to 200 μm.
11. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component has a porosity of greater than 70%.
12. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component has pores that are random in size and shape.
13. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone polymers, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyaramides, polybenzimidazoles, Sulphur containing polymers and polyethers.
14. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein there is some connectivity between the pores.
15. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 9 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from porous polytetrafluoroethylene.
16. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 15 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
17. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from carbon.
18. The reinforced catalyst layer assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the planar reinforcing component is formed from ceramic.