Collagen mimics
Novel collagen mimics are disclosed with a tripeptide unit having the formula (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n , where one of the positions Xaa or Yaa is a bulky, non-electron withdrawing proline derivative. By substituting a proline derivative at either the Xaa or Yaa position in the native collagen helix, the stability of the helix is increased due solely to steric effects relative to prior known collagen-related triple helices. Methods are also disclosed for making the novel collagen mimics.
1. A collagen mimic comprising a tripeptide having the formula:
(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n,
where Xaa is proline or a trans-4-substituted proline derivative,
where Yaa is proline or a cis-4-substituted proline derivative,
wherein at least one of Xaa, Yaa, or both is the 4-substituted proline derivative, wherein the 4-substituted proline derivative comprises a bulky substituent selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and —SH, wherein the substituent is directly installed on C4 of the proline ring, wherein the substituent is electron donating or non-electron withdrawing, and wherein the substituent is capable of stabilizing through steric effects a collagen mimic triple helix wherein one or more strands of the collagen mimic triple helix comprises said collagen mimic, relative to a native collagen triple helix,
and n is a positive integer that is at least 3.
2. The collagen mimic of claim 1 , wherein Xaa is a (2S,4R)-4-alkyl proline or a (2S,4R)-4-thioproline, and wherein an electronegative atom including N, O, F, Cl, or Br is not installed directly on C4 of the proline ring.
3. The collagen mimic of claim 2 , wherein the (2S,4R)-4-alkyl proline is selected from the group consisting of 4-methylproline, 4-ethylproline, 4-propylproline, 4-isopropylproline, or a longer alkyl proline.
4. The collagen mimic of claim 1 , wherein Yaa is a (2S,4S)-4-alkyl proline wherein the 4-alkyl is 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-propyl or 4-isopropyl, or a (2S,4S)-4-thioproline wherein the 4-thio is —SH, and wherein an electronegative atom including N, O, F, Cl, or Br is not installed directly on C4 of the proline ring.
5. The collagen mimic of claim 4 , wherein Yaa is the (2S,4S)-4-alkyl proline wherein the 4-alkyl is 4-methyl, 4-ethyl, 4-propyl or 4-isopropyl.
6. The collagen mimic of claim 1 , wherein the tripeptide is selected from the group consisting of (Pro-Mep-Gly)n, (mep-Pro-Gly)n, (mep-Mep-Gly)n, (thp-Thp-Gly)n, (thp-Mep-Gly)n, (mep-Thp-Gly)n, (Pro-Thp-Gly)n, and (thp-Pro-Gly)n, where n is a positive integer that is at least 3.
7. A collagen mimic comprising a tripeptide having the formula:
(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n,
where Xaa is proline or proline derivative,
where Yaa is proline or proline derivative,
and further wherein Xaa is (2S,4R)-4-methylproline or Yaa is (2S,4S)-4-methylproline,
and n is a positive integer that is at least 3.
8. A collagen mimic comprising a tripeptide having the formula:
(Xaa-Yaa-Gly) n,
where Xaa is proline or proline derivative,
where Yaa is proline or proline derivative,
and further wherein Xaa is (2S,4R)-4-thioproline or Yaa is (2S,4S)-4-thioproline,
and n is a positive integer that is at least 3.
9. The collagen mimic of claim 8 , wherein the tripeptide is present in at least one out of every three triplex repeats.
10. A collagen mimic triple helix, wherein one or more strands of the triple helix comprises the collagen mimic of claim 1 , wherein through steric effects the collagen mimic triple helix has increased stability relative to a native collagen triple helix.
11. The collagen mimic of claim 10 , wherein Xaa is a (2S,4R)-4-alkyl proline or a (2S,4R)-4-thioproline, and wherein an electronegative atom including N, O, F, Cl, or Br is not installed directly on C4 of the proline ring.
12. The collagen mimic of claim 11 , wherein the (2S,4R)-4-alkyl proline is selected from the group consisting of 4-methylproline, 4-ethylproline, 4-propylproline, 4-isopropylproline, or a longer alkyl proline.
13. The A collagen mimic triple helix wherein one or more strands of the triple helix comprises the collagen mimic of claim 7 , wherein through steric effects the collagen mimic triple helix has increased stability relative to a native collagen triple helix.