Microorganisms engineered to use unconventional sources of nitrogen
Disclosed are genetically engineered organisms, such as yeast and bacteria, that have the ability to metabolize atypical nitrogen sources, such as melamine and cyanamide. Fermentation methods using the genetically engineered organisms are also described. The methods of the invention are robust processes for the industrial bioproduction of a variety of compounds, including commodities, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
1. A genetically engineered organism, wherein the genetically engineered organism has been transformed by a nucleic acid molecule; the nucleic acid molecule comprises the non-native triA gene and at least one of the following additional non-native genes: DUR1,2 atzD, trzC, trzE, and guaD.
2. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
3. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the organism comprises at least two additional non-native genes.
4. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene is trzE from Rhodococcus sp. strain Mel, trzE from Rhizobium leguminosarum , trzC MEL, trzC 12227, DUR1,2 from S. cerevisiae , atzD from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, atzD from Rhodococcus sp. Mel, guaD from E. coli K12 strain MG1566, and/or triA from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRL B-12227.
5. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the genetically engineered organism is a species of the genus Yarrowia, Saccharomyces, Ogataea, Pichia , or Escherichia.
6. The genetically engineered organism of claim 5 , wherein the genetically engineered organism is selected from the group consisting of Yarrowia lipolytica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ogataea polymorpha, Pichia pastoris , and Escherichia coli.
7. A recombinant vector comprising a gene operably linked to a promoter, wherein the gene encodes an enzyme; and the enzyme is melamine deaminase, and the vector comprises at least one of the following additional genes: DUR1,2 atzD, trzC, trzE, and guaD.
8. The recombinant vector of claim 7 , wherein the gene is trzE from Rhodococcus sp. strain Mel, trzE from Rhizobium leguminosarum , trzC MEL, trzC 12227 DUR1,2 from S. cerevisiae , atzD from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, guaD from E. coli K12 strain MG1566, and/or triA from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRL B-12227.
9. The recombinant vector of claim 7 , wherein the vector comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:13.
10. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the organism comprises at least three additional non-native genes.
11. The genetically engineered organism of claim 10 , wherein the organism comprises at least four additional non-native genes.
12. The genetically engineered organism of claim 11 , wherein the organism comprises all five additional non-native genes.
13. The genetically engineered organism of claim 1 , wherein the non-native triA gene and the at least one additional non-native gene are expressed from a single promoter as part of a gene operon.
14. The recombinant vector of claim 7 , wherein the vector further comprises at least two of the following additional genes: DUR1,2, atzD, trzC, trzE, and guaD.
15. The recombinant vector of claim 14 , wherein the vector comprises at least three of the additional genes.
16. The recombinant vector of claim 15 , wherein the vector comprises at least four of the additional genes.
17. The recombinant vector of claim 16 , wherein the vector comprises all five additional genes.
18. The recombinant vector of claim 17 , wherein the gene encoding melamine deaminase and all five additional genes are operably linked to the same promoter as part of a gene operon.
19. The recombinant vector of claim 7 , wherein the gene encoding melamine deaminase and the at least one additional gene are operably linked to the same promoter as part of a gene operon.