Treatment of biomass to dissolve lignin with ionic liquid composition
The present invention relates to a method for treating a lignocellulose biomass in order to dissolve the lignin therein, while the cellulose does not dissolve. The cellulose pulp obtained can be used to produce glucose. In addition the lignin can be isolated for subsequent use in the renewable chemical industry as a source for aromatic platform chemicals.
1. A method of treating a biomass to dissolve the lignin therein, but not the cellulose comprising:
(a) contacting the lignocellulose biomass with a composition comprising an ionic liquid and 20-40% v/v water to dissolve lignin and produce a cellulose pulp, wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation and an anion selected from C 1-20 alkyl sulfate [AlkylSO 4 ] − , C 1-20 alkylsulfonate [AlkylSO 3 ] − , hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − , hydrogen sulphite [HSO 3 ] − , dihydrogen phosphate [H 2 PO 4 ] − , and hydrogen phosphate [HPO 4 ] 2− , and wherein the contacting is performed such that the majority of the cellulose in the lignocellulose biomass remains solid; and
(b) separating the ionic liquid-containing composition from the cellulose pulp produced in (a).
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cation is a protic cation.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the anion is selected from [MeSO 4 ] − , [HSO 4 ] − and [MeSO 3 ] − .
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cation in the ionic liquid is selected from an imidazolium derivative, a pyridinium derivative and an ammonium derivative.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cation is selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [C 4 C 1 im] + , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [C 2 C 1 im] + , 1-methylimidazolium [C 1 Him] + and 1-butylimidazolium [C 4 Him] + .
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ionic liquid is selected from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [C 4 C 1 im][MeSO 4 ], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [C 4 C 1 im][HSO 4 ], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [C 4 C 1 im][MeSO 3 ], and 1-butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [C 4 Him][HSO 4 ].
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises 0.01-20% v/v acid.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition at a temperature in the range of 100-160° C.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the lignocellulose biomass is contacted with the composition for a time in the range of 1-22 hours.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biomass is contacted with the composition prior to mechanical processing.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the biomass is contacted with the composition after mechanical processing.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of washing the pulp with an organic solvent which is miscible with the composition.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 further comprising
(c) adding an anti-solvent to the ionic liquid obtained in (b) to precipitate out the dissolved lignin; and
(d) separating the precipitated solid from the anti-solvent/ionic liquid.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13 further comprising
(e) removing the anti-solvent from the ionic liquid obtained in (d).
15. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the anti-solvent is water.
16. A process according to claim 11 , further comprising subjecting the cellulose pulp to enzymatic hydrolysis to form glucose.
17. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the contacting is performed such that at least 90% of the cellulose in the lignocellulose biomass remains solid.
18. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the contacting is performed such that at least 95% of the cellulose in the lignocellulose biomass remains solid.
19. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises a cation and an anion selected from C 1-20 alkyl sulfate [AlkylSO 4 ] − and hydrogen sulfate [HSO 4 ] − .