Method of manufacturing an object
In a method of manufacturing an object, a filament is fed to an extrusion head. The filament has a semi-crystalline polymeric reinforcement portion and a polymeric matrix portion. The temperature of the filament is raised in the extrusion head above the melting point of the matrix portion but below the melting point of the reinforcement portion so that the matrix portion of the filament melts within the extrusion head, thereby forming a partially molten filament within the extrusion head. The reinforcement portion of the partially molten filament remains in a semi-crystalline state as it is extruded from the extrusion head. Relative movement is generated between the extrusion head and the substrate as the partially molten filament is extruded onto the substrate in order to form an extruded line on the substrate. The matrix portion of the extruded line solidifies after the extruded line has been formed on the substrate.
1. A method of manufacturing an object, the method comprising:
feeding a filament to an extrusion head, the filament comprising a semi-crystalline polymeric reinforcement portion and a polymeric matrix portion which both run continuously along a length of the filament, wherein the reinforcement portion has a higher melting point and a higher crystallinity than the matrix portion;
raising the temperature of the filament in the extrusion head above the melting point of the matrix portion but below the melting point of the reinforcement portion so that the matrix portion of the filament melts within the extrusion head, thereby forming a partially molten filament within the extrusion head;
extruding the partially molten filament from the extrusion head onto a substrate, the reinforcement portion of the partially molten filament remaining in a semi-crystalline state as it is extruded from the extrusion head;
causing relative movement between the extrusion head and the substrate as the partially molten filament is extruded onto the substrate in order to form an extruded line on the substrate, wherein the matrix portion of the extruded line solidifies after the extruded line has been deposited on the substrate; and
temporarily raising the temperature of the filament in the extrusion head above the melting point of the reinforcement portion after the extruded line has been formed on the substrate, thereby forming a break in the continuous reinforcement portion and an end of the extruded line formed on the substrate, then lowering the temperature of the filament in the extrusion head below the melting point of the reinforcement portion to enable a further extruded line to be deposited on the substrate.
2. A method of manufacturing an object, the method comprising:
feeding a filament to an extrusion head, the filament comprising a semi-crystalline polymeric reinforcement portion and a polymeric matrix portion which both run continuously along a length of the filament, wherein the reinforcement portion has a higher melting point and a higher crystallinity than the matrix portion;
raising the temperature of the filament in the extrusion head above the melting point of the matrix portion but below the melting point of the reinforcement portion so that the matrix portion of the filament melts within the extrusion head, thereby forming a partially molten filament within the extrusion head;
extruding the partially molten filament from the extrusion head onto a substrate, the reinforcement portion of the partially molten filament remaining in a semi-crystalline state as it is extruded from the extrusion head;
causing relative movement between the extrusion head and the substrate as the partially molten filament is extruded onto the substrate in order to form an extruded line on the substrate, wherein the matrix portion of the extruded line solidifies after the extruded line has been deposited on the substrate; and
applying an electromagnetic field to the filament before it is extruded onto the substrate, thereby poling the reinforcement portion.
3. A method of manufacturing an object, the method comprising:
feeding a filament to an extrusion head, the filament comprising a semi-crystalline polymeric reinforcement portion and a polymeric matrix portion which both run continuously along a length of the filament, wherein the reinforcement portion has a higher melting point and a higher crystallinity than the matrix portion;
raising the temperature of the filament in the extrusion head above the melting point of the matrix portion but below the melting point of the reinforcement portion so that the matrix portion of the filament melts within the extrusion head, thereby forming a partially molten filament within the extrusion head;
extruding the partially molten filament from the extrusion head onto a substrate, the reinforcement portion of the partially molten filament remaining in a semi-crystalline state as it is extruded from the extrusion head;
causing relative movement between the extrusion head and the substrate as the partially molten filament is extruded onto the substrate in order to form an extruded line on the substrate, wherein the matrix portion of the extruded line solidifies after the extruded line has been deposited on the substrate;
applying an electromagnetic field to the filament before it is extruded onto the substrate, thereby poling the reinforcement portion; and
wherein the electromagnetic field is applied to the filament within the extrusion head before and/or after it has been partially melted.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the relative movement between the extrusion head and the substrate is sufficiently fast that the reinforcement portion is in tension as the extruded line is deposited on the substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the object is manufactured by depositing a plurality of extruded lines on selected parts of the substrate in a series of layers in accordance with a three-dimensional model of the object.