Compositions containing non-polar compounds
Provided herein are compositions and methods for preparing foods and beverages that contain additives, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and supplements, such as essential fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, and other fatty acids; phytochemicals, including phytosterols; other oils; and coenzymes, including Coenzyme Q10, and other oil-based additives.
1. A non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition, wherein the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition has a waxy consistency, whereby it is a solid or a semi-solid at room temperature, consisting essentially of:
(a) a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivative of Vitamin E in an amount between 40% and 60%, by weight, of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition;
(b) a non-polar ingredient comprising any one or more of polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10 compounds or phytosterols in an amount between 30% and 55%, by weight of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition; and
(c) one or more additional ingredients selected from co-surfactants in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, emulsion stabilizers in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, preservatives in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, flavors in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, pH adjusters in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, and non-polar solvents that dissolve the non-polar active ingredient(s) and differ therefrom;
wherein the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition comprises not more than 1%, by weight, of hydrophilic ingredient(s); the non-polar ingredient(s) is/are the active ingredient in the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition; and all the ingredients, including the non-polar ingredient, the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E, and the additional ingredients, are 100%, by weight, of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition.
2. A non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition, wherein the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition has a waxy consistency, whereby it is a solid or a semi-solid at room temperature, consisting essentially of:
(a) a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivative of Vitamin E in an amount between 79% and 90%, by weight, of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition; and
(b) a non-polar ingredient comprising any one or more of polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10 compounds and phytosterols in an amount between 5% and 15%, by weight, of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition; and one or more additional ingredients selected from co-surfactants in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, emulsion stabilizers in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, preservatives in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, flavors in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, pH adjusters in an amount up to 1%, by weight, of the composition, and non-polar solvents that dissolve the non-polar active ingredient and differ therefrom in an amount up to 10%, by weight, of the composition, wherein the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition comprises not more than 1%, by weight, of the composition, comprises hydrophilic ingredients(s);the non-polar ingredient(s) is/are the active ingredient in the composition; and all the ingredients, including the non-polar ingredient, the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E, and the additional ingredients, are 100%, by weight, of the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition.
3. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-polar ingredient comprises a phytosterol.
4. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivative of Vitamin E is a tocopherol polyethylene glycol diester (TPGD).
5. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 4 , wherein the TPGD is selected from tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), tocopherol sebacate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol dodecanodioate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol suberate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol azelaate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol citraconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol methylcitraconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol itaconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol maleate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol glutarate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol glutaconate polyethylene ,glycol, and tocopherol phthalate polyethylene glycol, or a TPGS analog.
6. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 5 , wherein the TPGS is TPGS-1000.
7. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E contains a PEG moiety selected from any one or more of methylated PEG (m-PEG), PEG-OH, PEG-NHS, PEG-aldehyde, PEG-SH, PEG-NH 2 , PEG-CO2H, and branched PEGS.
8. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E contains a PEG moiety having a molecular weight of between 200 Daltons to 20,000 Daltons.
9. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 that contains a preservative in an amount sufficient to preserve the composition.
10. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 9 , wherein the preservative contains benzyl alcohol.
11. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent that dissolves the non-polar active ingredient and differs therefrom, is in an amount up to 10%, by weight, of the composition.
12. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent contains a Vitamin E oil, a flaxseed oil or a combination thereof.
13. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 that contains an emulsion stabilizer, at an amount sufficient to stabilize the composition.
14. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 that contains a co-surfactant, at an amount sufficient to stabilize the composition.
15. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 14 , wherein the co-surfactant contains a phospholipid.
16. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 15 , wherein the co-surfactant contains phosphatidylcholine.
17. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the non-polar active ingredient contains at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids and conjugated fatty acids.
18. The non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition of claim 17 , wherein the non-polar active ingredient contains a polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fish oil, a flaxseed oil, a borage oil, an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a conjugated’ linoleic acid (CLA), and a saw palmetto extract.
19. A method for making a non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition, wherein the composition comprises:
(a) a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivative of Vitamin E in an amount between 40% and 60%, by weight, of the pre-emulsion composition; and
(b) one or more non-polar active ingredients selected from any one or more of polyunsaturated fatty acids, coenzyme Q10 compounds or phytosterols in an amount between 35% and 50%, by weight, of the pre-emulsion composition,
wherein not more than 1%, by weight, of the resulting composition comprises hydrophilic ingredients(s); the method, comprising:
(a) mixing and heating the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E; and any ingredients other than the non-polar ingredient; and then
(b) adding the one or more non-polar ingredients to the heated mixture of (a);
(c) homogenizing the ingredients;
(d) cooling the homogenized ingredients, whereby the homogenized ingredients become waxy in consistency and contain no more than 1% hydrophilic ingredients, thereby generating the non-aqueous pre-emulsion composition.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the non-polar active ingredients include the non-polar solvent that dissolves the nonpolar active ingredient and differs therefrom, wherein the amount of solvent is sufficient to dissolve the non-polar active ingredient.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the non-polar solvent comprises a Vitamin E oil, a flaxseed oil or a combination thereof.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the amount of the non-polar solvent is between 1% and 6% of the pre-emulsion composition.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein heating comprises heating the ingredients to 40° C. to 60° C.
24. The method of claim 19 wherein the non-polar active ingredients contain a polyunsaturated fatty acid selected from a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fish oil, a flaxseed oil, a borage oil, an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), or a saw palmetto extract.
25. The method of claim 19 , wherein the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E is a tocopherol polyethylene glycol diester (TPGD).
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the TPGD is selected from among tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), tocopherol sebacate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol dodecanodioate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol suberate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol azelaate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol citraconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol methylcitraconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol itaconate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol maleate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol glutarate polyethylene glycol, tocopherol glutaconate polyethylene glycol, and tocopherol phthalate polyethylene glycol, or a TPGS analog.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the TPGS is a TPGS-1000.
28. The method of claim 19 , wherein the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E contains a PEG moiety selected from any one or more of PEG-OH, PEG-NHS, PEG-aldehyde, PEG-SH, PEG-NH 2 , PEG-CO 2 H, methylated PEGs (m-PEGs) or branched PEGs.
29. The method of claim 19 , wherein the PEG-derivative of Vitamin E contains a PEG moiety having a molecular weight of between 200 Daltons or about 200 Daltons to 20,000 Daltons or about 20,000 Daltons, between 200 Daltons or about 200 Daltons and 6000 Daltons or about 6000 Daltons, between 600 Daltons or about 600 Daltons and 6000 Daltons or about 6000 Daltons, between 200 Daltons or about 200 Daltons and 2000 Daltons or about 2000 Daltons, between 600 Daltons or about 600 Daltons and 1500 Daltons or about 1500 Daltons, or between 600 Daltons or about 600 Daltons and 1000 or about 1000 Daltons.
30. A method of providing an oil-based additive in a beverage, comprising:
adding a pre-emulsion composition of claim 1 , to a beverage, in an amount whereby the beverage contains an effective amount of the non-polar active ingredient.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the non-polar active ingredient is selected from an omega-3 fatty acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, a conjugated fatty acid or a saw palmetto extract.
32. The method of claim 30 , further comprising heating the pre-emulsion composition, the beverage, or both the pre-emulsion composition and the beverage, prior to addition of the pre-emulsion composition to the beverage.
33. The method of claim 30 , further comprising heating the mixture of the beverage and the pre-emulsion composition.
34. The method of claim 30 , wherein the beverage is water, soda, milk, juice or a sports nutrition beverage.
35. The method of claim 30 , wherein the PEG-derivative of vitamin E is a tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS).