Adapter direct drive with manual retraction, lockout and connection mechanisms

1. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a handle assembly, the surgical device adapter comprising:

a housing;

a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and couplable to the handle assembly and the end effector, the drive mechanism including a first drive screw configured to be coupled to the end effector to actuate the end effector; and

a drive coupling assembly coupled to the housing and selectively couplable to the handle assembly, the drive coupling assembly including a first drive gear mechanically engaged to the first drive screw and a retraction assembly selectively couplable to the drive mechanism such that rotation of the drive coupling assembly about a longitudinal axis defined by the surgical device adapter and relative to the housing actuates the drive mechanism, wherein the retraction assembly includes:

a lock rocker pivotally coupled within the drive coupling assembly; and

a lock ring rotatable about the longitudinal axis and relative to the drive coupling assembly, wherein rotation of the lock ring actuates the lock rocker to meshingly-engage the lock rocker with the first gear.

2. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , wherein the retraction assembly further includes:

a spring-loaded lock bolt slidably coupled to the drive coupling assembly and engaged with the lock ring, the lock bolt configured to prevent rotation of the lock ring.

3. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , wherein the lock ring further includes a flexible, resilient tab configured to engage the drive coupling assembly and prevent rotation of the lock ring.

4. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , wherein the drive coupling assembly further includes:

at least one latch pivotally coupled therein and configured to engage the handle assembly.

5. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , wherein the drive mechanism includes a second drive screw coupled to the end effector and configured to articulate the end effector about a pivot axis transverse to the longitudinal axis, the second drive screw mechanically engaged to a second gear disposed within the drive coupling assembly.

6. A surgical device comprising:

an end effector including a first jaw and a second jaw moveable relative to the first jaw;

a handle assembly including at least one motor mechanically coupled to the end effector; and

an adapter assembly removably coupled to a proximal end of the end effector and a distal end of the handle assembly, the adapter assembly including:

a housing;

a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and configured to couple the at least one motor to the end effector; and

a drive coupling assembly including:

a housing coupled to the housing of the adapter assembly and selectively couplable to the handle assembly;

a first drive gear disposed within the housing; and

a retraction assembly coupled to the housing of the drive coupling assembly and selectively couplable to the drive mechanism such that rotation of the drive coupling assembly about a longitudinal axis defined by the adapter assembly and relative to the housing of the adapter assembly actuates the drive mechanism, the retraction assembly including:

a lock rocker pivotally coupled within the drive coupling assembly; and

a lock ring rotatable relative to the drive coupling assembly, wherein rotation of the lock ring engages the lock ring with the lock rocker to meshingly-engage the lock rocker with the first gear.

7. The surgical device according to claim 6 , wherein the drive mechanism includes:

a first drive screw coupled to the end effector and configured to actuate the first and second jaws, the first drive screw mechanically engaged to the first gear disposed within the drive coupling assembly; and

a second drive screw coupled to the end effector and configured to articulate the end effector about a pivot axis transverse to the longitudinal axis, the second drive screw mechanically engaged to a second gear disposed within the drive coupling assembly.

8. The surgical device according to claim 6 , wherein the retraction assembly further includes:

a spring-loaded lock bolt slidably coupled to the drive coupling assembly and engaged with the lock ring, the lock bolt configured to prevent rotation of the lock ring.

9. The surgical device according to claim 6 , wherein the lock ring further includes a flexible, resilient tab configured to engage the drive coupling assembly and prevent rotation of the lock ring.

10. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a handle assembly, the surgical device adapter comprising:

a housing;

a drive mechanism disposed within the housing and couplable to the handle assembly and the end effector, the drive mechanism including a first drive screw configured to be coupled to the end effector to actuate the end effector; and

a drive coupling assembly coupled to the housing and selectively couplable to the handle assembly, the drive coupling assembly including a first drive gear mechanically engaged to the first drive screw and a retraction assembly selectively couplable to the drive mechanism such that rotation of the drive coupling assembly about a longitudinal axis defined by the surgical device adapter and relative to the housing actuates the drive mechanism, the retraction assembly including:

at least one latch pivotally coupled to the drive coupling assembly and configured to engage the handle assembly, wherein the at least one latch includes a tab coupled to a distal portion thereof, the tab configured to engage the first gear; and

a lock ring rotatable relative to the housing, wherein rotation of the lock ring engages the lock ring with the tab to meshingly-engage the tab with the first gear.