Ionically conductive compounds and related uses
Articles, compositions, and methods involving ionically conductive compounds are provided. The disclosed ionically conductive compounds may be incorporated into an electrochemical cell (e.g., a lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell, a lithium-ion electrochemical cell, an intercalated-cathode based electrochemical cell) as, for example, a protective layer for an electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and/or any other appropriate component within the electrochemical cell. In certain embodiments, electrode structures and/or methods for making electrode structures including a layer comprising an ionically conductive compound described herein are provided.
1. An article for use in an electrochemical cell, comprising:
a compound of formula (I):
Li 2x S x+w+5z M y P 2z (I)
wherein:
M is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanides, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 12, Group 13, and Group 14 atoms, and combinations thereof;
x is 8-16,
y is 1,
w is 0.1-15, and
z is 0.1-3.
2. An article as in claim 1 , comprising a layer comprising the compound of formula (I).
3. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is in direct contact with an electrode.
4. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is a separator.
5. An article as in claim 4 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) has an average thickness of greater than or equal to 1 microns and less than or equal to 50 microns.
6. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is a protective layer.
7. An article as in claim 6 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) has an average thickness of greater than or equal to 1 nanometer and less than or equal to 10 microns.
8. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is a solid electrolyte layer.
9. An article as in claim 8 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) has an average thickness of greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 25 microns.
10. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is a lithium-intercalation electrode.
11. An article as in claim 10 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) has an average ion conductivity of greater than or equal to 10 −4 S/cm.
12. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the layer comprising the compound of formula (I) is greater than or equal to 50 wt. % and less than or equal to 99 wt. % crystalline.
13. An article as in claim 2 , wherein the crystalline fraction of the compound of formula (I) comprised by the layer is in the range of from 50 to 100 wt. %, based on the total weight of the compound of formula (I) comprised by the layer.
14. An article as in claim 1 , comprising the compound of formula (I) deposited on a layer.
15. An article as in claim 1 , wherein x is 10 or greater.
16. An article as in claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is crystalline.
17. An article as in claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is amorphous.
18. A compound of formula (I):
Li 2x S x+w+5z M y P 2z (I)
wherein:
M is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanides, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 12, Group 13, and Group 14 atoms, and combinations thereof,
x is 8-16,
y is 1,
w is 0.1-15, and
z is 0.1-3.
19. A method for forming a plurality of particles, comprising:
heating a mixture of precursors comprising atoms of the elements Li, S, P, and M to a temperature ranging from 400° C. to 900° C. for a duration ranging from 3 hours to 24 hours;
cooling the mixture; and
forming a plurality of particles comprising a compound of formula (I):
Li 2x S x+w+5z M y P 2z (I),
wherein:
M is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanides, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 12, Group 13, and Group 14 atoms, and combinations thereof;
x is 8-16,
y is 1,
w is 0.1-15, and
z is 0.1-3.