Electrode, method for manufacturing the same, and secondary battery
An electrode includes a plant-derived porous carbon material. When a peak value of an O(1s) spectrum of the porous carbon material obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is defined as P O , and a peak value of a C(1s) spectrum thereof is defined as P C , P O /P C ≦0.05, or an oxygen-containing functional group has been removed from a surface of the plant-derived porous carbon material.
1. An electrode, comprising:
a porous carbon material that comprises an oxygen-containing functional group,
wherein a ratio of P O /P C ≦0.05 is satisfied,
wherein the P O corresponds to a first peak area of an O (1s) spectrum of the porous carbon material obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the P C corresponds to a second peak area of a C (1s) spectrum, and
wherein the porous carbon material is derived from a plant-derived material.
2. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a portion of the oxygen-containing functional group is removed from a surface of the porous carbon material.
3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen-containing functional group is one of a carboxy group, a lactone group, a phenol group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a quinone group, or a hydroxyl group.
4. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material has a value of specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 100 m 2 /g or more, a pore volume by a BJH method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more, and a pore volume by an MP method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more.
5. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material including the plant-derived material has a silicon content of 5% by mass or more as a raw material.
6. A secondary battery, comprising:
an electrode containing a porous carbon material, wherein the porous carbon material comprises an oxygen-containing functional group; and
a negative electrode,
wherein a ratio of P O /P C ≦0.05 is satisfied,
wherein the P O corresponds to a first peak area of an O (1s) spectrum of the porous carbon material obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the P C corresponds to a second peak area of a C (1s) spectrum, and
wherein the porous carbon material is derived from a plant-derived material.
7. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein a portion of the oxygen-containing functional group is removed from a surface of the porous carbon material.
8. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein the oxygen-containing functional group is one of a carboxy group, a lactone group, a phenol group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a quinone group, or a hydroxyl group.
9. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein the porous carbon material has a value of specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 100 m 2 /g or more, a pore volume by a BJH method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more, and a pore volume by an MP method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more.
10. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein the porous carbon material comprises the plant-derived material has a silicon content of 5% by mass or more as a raw material.
11. The secondary battery according to claim 6 , wherein a positive electrode is made from the electrode.
12. The secondary battery according to claim 11 , wherein the secondary battery is made from an air-metal secondary battery.
13. The secondary battery according to claim 12 , wherein the secondary battery is made from an air-lithium secondary battery.
14. A method of manufacturing an electrode including a porous carbon material which further comprises an oxygen-containing functional group, the method comprising:
removing a portion of the oxygen-containing functional group from a surface of the porous carbon material;
satisfying a ratio of P O /P C ≦0.05,
wherein the P O corresponds to a first peak area of an O (1s) spectrum of the porous carbon material obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the P C corresponds to a second peak area of a C (1s) spectrum;
obtaining the porous carbon material by carbonizing a plant-derived material at a first temperature that is in range of 400° C. to 1400° C.;
treating the plant-derived material with an acid or an alkali; and
heating the plant-derived material at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
15. The method for manufacturing the electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the oxygen-containing functional group is one of a carboxy group, a lactone group, a phenol group, a carbonyl group, an ether group, a quinone group, or a hydroxyl group.
16. The method for manufacturing the electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the porous carbon material has a value of specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 100 m 2 /g or more, a pore volume by a BJH method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more, and a pore volume by an MP method of 0.1 cm 3 /g or more.
17. The method for manufacturing the electrode according to claim 14 , wherein the porous carbon material comprises a plant-derived material having a silicon content of 5% by mass or more as a raw material.
18. The method for manufacturing the electrode according to claim 14 , wherein a silicon component is removed from the plant-derived material after carbonization, by treatment with the acid or the alkali.