System for detecting electrical properties of a molecular complex
A system for detecting electrical properties of a molecular complex is disclosed. The system includes an electrode electrically coupled to a molecular complex that outputs an electrical signal affected by an electrical property of the molecular complex, wherein the effect of the electrical property of the molecular complex on the electrical signal is characterized by an expected bandwidth. The system further includes an integrating amplifier circuit configured to: receive the electrical signal from the electrode. The integrating amplifier circuit is further configured to selectively amplify and integrate a portion of the electrical signal over time within a predetermined bandwidth, wherein the predetermined bandwidth is selected at least in part based on the expected bandwidth.
1. A system for detecting electrical properties of a molecular complex, comprising:
an electrode electrically coupled to a molecular complex that outputs an electrical signal affected by an electrical property of the molecular complex, wherein the effect of the electrical property of the molecular complex on the electrical signal is characterized by an expected bandwidth; and
an integrating amplifier circuit configured to:
receive the electrical signal from the electrode; and
selectively amplify and integrate a portion of the electrical signal over time within a predetermined bandwidth, wherein the predetermined bandwidth is selected at least in part based on the expected bandwidth;
compare the portion of the electrical signal that has been selectively amplified and integrated to a threshold; and
output an indication that the portion of the electrical signal that has been selectively amplified and integrated has reached the threshold;
wherein the integrating is initiated based on an initiation flag and wherein the integrating is terminated based on the indication.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the expected bandwidth comprises a bandwidth of events of the molecular complex.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the events of the molecular complex include additions or subtractions to the molecular complex.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the events of the molecular complex include conformation changes of the molecular complex.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the molecular complex is composed of monomers that make up an oligomeric nanopore and a single strand of DNA and anything bound to that single strand of DNA.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical property comprises one of the following: a current, voltage, charge, or capacitance.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indication corresponds to a mean value of the electrical property.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the indication comprises a 1-bit flag.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein a time period between the initiating and the terminating of the integrating corresponds to a mean value of the electrical property.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the integrating over time is repeated by deriving the initiation flag based at least in part on the indication.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the initiation flag is re-asserted in response to the indication.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined bandwidth is adjusted based at least in part on adjusting a capacitance value associated with a circuit performing the integrating and the amplifying.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined bandwidth is adjusted based at least in part on adjusting a bias voltage applied across a nanopore associated with the molecular complex.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the integrating amplifier circuit further comprises a noise filter filtering the electrical signal.
15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined bandwidth is adjusted based at least in part on adjusting the threshold.