Method for extruding plastic materials
The invention relates to a process for extruding plastic compositions, in particular polymer melts and mixtures of polymer melts, above all thermoplastics and elastomers, particularly preferably polycarbonate and polycarbonate blends, also with the incorporation of other substances such as for example solids, liquids, gases or other polymers or other polymer blends with improved optical characteristics, with the assistance of a multi-screw extruder with specific screw geometries.
1. A process for extruding plastic compositions comprising extruding the plastic compositions in a multi-screw extruder, co-rotating the screw elements of the extruder in pairs and the screw elements being fully self-wiping in pairs, using screw elements with two or more screw flights Z, with centreline distance A and outer diameter DE, wherein a total of the tip angles of a pair of centerline distance A and an outer diameter DE, wherein a total of the tip angles of a pair of screw elements is greater than zero and smaller than
2
π
-
4
Z
arccos
(
A
DE
)
.
using screw elements wherein each screw element comprising circular arcs which wipe the outer wall, and wherein the number of flights Z corresponds to the number of circular arcs wiping the outer wall, and wherein each screw element has one of a generating screw profile or a generated screw profile, and each generating and generated screw profile is composed of 6*Z or more circular arcs with a radius greater than or equal to zero and smaller than or equal to A, wherein the circular arcs merge tangentially into one another at their end points, wherein the circular arcs have different radii and/or centers.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , each pair of the screw elements having corresponding circular arcs of the generated and generating screw profile, wherein:
the angles of corresponding circular arcs are of identical magnitude,
the total of the radii of corresponding circular arcs is equal to the centreline distance,
respectively one of the connecting lines between the centre point of the circular arc of the generating screw profile and end points thereof runs parallel to respectively one of the connecting lines between the centre point of the corresponding circular arc of the generated screw profile and end points thereof,
the directions in which the end points of the circular arc of the generating screw profile lie, starting from the centre point of the circular arc, are in each case opposite to the directions in which the end points of the corresponding circular arc of the generated screw profile lie, starting from the centre point of the circular arc of the generated screw profile,
the distance between the centre point of the circular arc of the generating screw profile and the centre point of the corresponding circular arc of the generated screw profile corresponds to the centreline distance,
the connecting line between the centre point of the circular arc of the generating screw profile and the centre point of the corresponding circular arc of the generated screw profile is parallel to the connecting line between the point of rotation of the generating screw profile and the point of rotation of the generated screw profile,
the direction in which the centre point of the circular arc of the generating screw profile would have to shift in order to be the same as the centre point of the corresponding circular arc of the generated screw profile is the same as that in which the point of rotation of the generating screw profile would have to shift in order to be the same as the point of rotation of the generated screw profile.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein for at least one tip arc of a profile of the screw elements there is a following circular arc with radius 0.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein for at least one tip arc of a profile of the screw elements, there is a following circular arc with radius >0 and less than 0.1 times the screw diameter.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein tip arcs and groove arcs of the screw elements alternate on the periphery of a profile.
6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the screw elements have a number of symmetry axes which corresponds to those of the number of flights.
7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the screw elements have point symmetry but do not have mirror symmetry.
8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the screw elements are constructed as conveying elements.
9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the screw elements are used in a degassing or conveying zone.
10. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein clearances in the range from 0.1 to 0.001 relative to the diameter of the screw profile have between screw elements and barrel and/or between neighboring screw elements.
11. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plastic compositions are thermoplastics or elastomers.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the thermoplastics used are polycarbonate, polyamide, polyester, in particular polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate, polyether, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyacetal, fluoropolymer, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfones, polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylate, in particular poly(methyl)methacrylate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyarylether ketone, styrene polymers, in particular polystyrene, styrene copolymers, in particular styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymers, polyvinyl chloride or a blend of at least two of the stated thermoplastics.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12 , wherein polycarbonate or a blend of polycarbonate with other polymers is used as the thermoplastic.
14. The process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the polycarbonate was produced by the phase boundary process or the melt transesterification process.
15. The process as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the elastomer used is styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, polyurethane rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane, gutta percha, acrylate rubber, fluororubber, silicone rubber, sulfide rubber, chlorosulfonyl-polyethylene rubber or a combination of at least two of the stated elastomers.
16. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein fillers or reinforcing materials or polymer additives or organic or inorganic pigments, or mixtures thereof, are added to the polymer.