Digital watermark-embedding apparatus, digital watermark-embedding method, and recording medium having recoded therein a program for performing the digital watermark-embedding method
View Patent ↗An input image is divided into local regions, each of which is formed by a macro block. An embedment intensity is determined for each of the local regions by using a calculated characteristic amount and a compression bit rate. Digital watermarks are embedded at the determined embedment intensity into the input image at each of the local regions thereof. The input image is encoded, thereby providing a compressed bit stream that has the digital watermarks embedded therein.
1. A digital watermark-embedding apparatus comprising:
a characteristic amount-calculating unit operable to calculate a characteristic amount of a digital image;
an embedment intensity-determining unit operable to determine an embedment intensity using the characteristic amount calculated by said characteristic amount-calculating unit and a compression bit rate for use in encoding;
a digital watermark-embedding unit operable to embed a digital watermark into the digital image at the embedment intensity determined by said embedment intensity-determining unit; and
an image-encoding unit operable to encode, by using the compression bit rate, the digital image having the digital watermark embedded therein by said digital watermark-embedding unit, so as to provide a compressed bit stream, wherein:
said characteristic amount-calculating unit is operable to calculate a characteristic amount for each local region, respectively, that forms part of the digital image; and
the characteristic amount for each local region is a sum of an average value of luminance components over the local region and differential absolute values of horizontally neighboring pixels and differential absolute values of vertically neighboring pixels over the same local region.
2. A digital watermark-embedding apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein each local region is one or a plurality of macro blocks for use in encoding performed by said image-encoding unit.
3. A digital watermark-embedding apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said embedment intensity-determining unit is operable to employ one of a table having a digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with a characteristic amount calculated by said characteristic amount-calculating unit, a table having the digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with the compression bit rate for use in encoding performed by said image-encoding unit, and a table having the digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with both of the characteristic amount and the compression bit rate.
4. A digital watermark-embedding apparatus as defined in claim 3 , wherein the table is set to permit the digital watermark to be embedded at a reduced intensity when the compression bit rate is increased, but to allow the digital watermark to be embedded at an increased intensity when the compression bit rate is reduced.
5. A digital watermark-embedding apparatus as defined in claim 1 , wherein said digital watermark-embedding unit is operable to embed the digital watermark into the digital image usually at different values of an embedment intensity for each local region that forms part of the digital image.
6. A digital watermark-embedding method comprising:
calculating a characteristic amount of a digital image;
determining an embedment intensity using the calculated characteristic amount and a compression bit rate for use in encoding;
embedding a digital watermark into the digital image at the determined embedment intensity; and
encoding, by using the compression bit rate, the digital image having the digital watermark embedded therein, so as to provide a compressed bit stream, wherein:
said calculating of the characteristic amount comprises calculating a characteristic amount for each local region, respectively, that forms part of the digital image; and
the characteristic amount for each local region is a sum of an average value of luminance components over the local region and differential absolute values of horizontally neighboring pixels and differential absolute values of vertically neighboring pixels over the same local region.
7. A digital watermark-embedding method as defined in claim 6 , wherein each local region is one or a plurality of macro blocks for use in the encoding.
8. A digital watermark-embedding method as defined in claim 6 , wherein one of a table having a digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with the calculated characteristic amount, a table having the digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with the compression bit rate for use in the encoding, and a table having the digital watermark-embedding intensity correlated with both of the calculated characteristic amount and the compression bit rate is employed.
9. A digital watermark-embedding method as defined in claim 8 , wherein the table is set to permit the digital watermark to be embedded at a reduced intensity when the compression bit rate is increased, but to allow the digital watermark to be embedded at an increased intensity when the compression bit rate is reduced.
10. A digital watermark-embedding method as defined in claim 6 , wherein the digital watermark is embedded into the digital image usually at different values of an embedment intensity for each local region that forms part of the digital image.