Water-based polymerization for linear polyvinylpyridine
The present application relates to processes for producing linear polyvinylpyridines without the use of hazardous solvents, and in a manner that allows control over the rate of heat generated by the reaction and the temperature of the reactor vessel. The processes involve the use of an initiator to initiate polymerization of vinylpyridine monomers in water. Processes of the invention provide good reaction rates and conversions, and are particularly advantageous in achieving control of the molecular weights of the final product polymers.
1 . A process for producing a linear polyvinylpyridine, comprising the steps of:
a. selecting one or more vinylpyridine monomers;
b. selecting an initiator;
c. providing a reactor containing water; and
d. combining the one or more vinylpyridine monomers and the initiator with the water in the reactor.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the water is heated to a range of about 30° C. to about 100°.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the vinylpyridine monomer is 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, or a mixture thereof.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the resultant polyvinylpyridine polymer has a Mw of about 30,000 or less.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the initiator is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, 2,2′azobix(2-methyproprionamidine) dihydrochloride, or other water soluble initiator.
6 . The process of claim 1 , comprising the additional step of refluxing the combined one or more monomers, initiator, and water.
7 . The process of claim 6 , wherein the step of refluxing occurs for about 0.5 to about 10 hours.
8 . The process of claim 7 , further comprising the step of recovering said linear polyvinylpyridine.
9 . A process for producing a linear polyvinylpyridine, comprising:
a. selecting one or more vinylpyridine monomers;
b. selecting an initiator;
c. providing a reactor containing a solvent comprising water, but not containing a hazardous solvent;
d. heating the solvent to a temperature between about 30° C. and 100° C.; and
e. adding the initiator and one or more vinylpyridine monomers to the solvent at specified rates.
10 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the vinylpyridine monomer is 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, or a mixture thereof.
11 . The process of claim 10 , wherein the resultant polyvinylpyridine polymer has a Mw of 30,000 or less.
12 . The process of claim 9 , including the additional step of maintaining a solution in the reactor below a selected temperature.
13 . The process of claim 11 , wherein the selected temperature is about 100° C.
14 . The process of claim 9 , wherein the initiator and one or more vinylpyridine monomers are added to the solvent utilizing a metering pump.
15 . A process for producing a linear polyvinylpyridine, comprising the steps of:
a. selecting one or more vinylpyridine monomers;
b. selecting an initiator comprising hydrogen peroxide;
c. providing a reactor containing a solvent consisting essentially of water;
d. heating the solvent to a temperature between about 30° C. and 100° C.;
e. adding the initiator and one or more vinylpyridine monomers to the solvent at a constant rate;
f. maintaining the temperature of a solution within the reactor at a preselected temperature during a period of time when the initiator and one or more vinylpyridine monomers are added to the solvent; and
g. refluxing the resultant solution for a preselected time.
16 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the preselected temperature is about 30° C. to about 100° C.
17 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the step of refluxing occurs for about 0.5 to about 10 hours.
18 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the vinylpyridine monomer is 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, or a mixture thereof.
19 . The process of claim 15 , wherein the polyvinylpyridine polymer has a Mw of 30,000 or less.