Integrated portable biological detection system
We have performed separation of bacterial and cancer cells from peripheral human blood in microfabricated electronic chips by dielectrophoresis. The isolated cells were examined by staining the nuclei with fluorescent dye followed by laser induced fluorescence imaging. We have also released DNA and RNA from the isolated cells electronically and detected specific marker sequences by DNA amplification followed by electronic hybridization to immobilized capture probes. Efforts towards the construction of a “laboratory-on-a-chip” system are presented which involves the selection of DNA probes, dyes, reagents and prototyping of the fully integrated portable instrument.
1. An integrated system for the analysis of eukaryotic and/or prokaryotic cells in a biological sample comprising:
an electronic system for cell separation, cell lysis, sample preparation and sample analysis comprising:
a first flow cell configured for sample preparation; a second flow cell configured for sample analysis;
at least two ports coupled to the first flow cell wherein one of said ports is an input port through which the sample is introduced and another of said ports is an output port;
an input port and an output port coupled to the second flow cell;
a plurality of individually addressable electrodes positioned within the first flow cell and coupled to a power source configured to electronically disrupt cell membranes within the sample;
a heating element coupled to each one of the first and second flow cells; and
an array of probes positioned within the second flow cell and optionally an additional array of probes positioned within the first flow cell, wherein each one of said arrays of probes is adapted to bind to predetermined components within the sample for analysis of the components;
a detector operatively positioned to detect the molecules bound to the probes by a detectable signal;
a power source coupled to the electronic system and the detector; and
a portable housing configured to contain the electronic system, the detector, and the power source.
2. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein said electronic system comprises three or four ports coupled to the first flow cell.
3. The integrated system of claim 1 , wherein said electronic system comprises an array of probes positioned within the second flow cell and an additional array of probes positioned within the first flow cell.