Fuel cell cooling and water management system
View Patent ↗A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a reservoir, a water management circuit, a cooling circuit and a fan. The fuel cell stack communicates a reactant flow and communicates a water flow. The water management circuit is adapted to remove water from the reactant flow and store the water in the reservoir. The cooling circuit is adapted to generate the water flow that is communicated through the fuel cell stack from the water in the reservoir. The fan controls the amount of water that is removed from the reactant flow to regulate a water level of the reservoir and controls removal of thermal energy from the water flow regulate a temperature of the fuel cell stack.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
a fuel cell stack to communicate a reactant flow and communicate a water flow;
a reservoir;
a water management circuit adapted to remove water from the reactant flow and store the water in the reservoir;
a cooling circuit adapted to generate the water flow communicated through the fuel cell stack from the water in the reservoir; and
a fan to control the amount of water removed from the reactant flow to regulate a water level of the reservoir and control removal of thermal energy from the water flow to regulate a temperature of the fuel cell stack.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the reactant flow comprises an oxidant flow or a fuel flow.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a control subsystem to control a speed of the fan to regulate the water level of the reservoir and regulate the removal of the thermal energy from the water flow.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the control subsystem is adapted to control the speed of the fan to regulate a temperature of the water flow at an inlet of the fuel cell stack.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the control subsystem is adapted to control the speed of the fan to maintain a positive or neutral accumulation of water in the reservoir.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 5 , further comprising:
a level indicator to indicate a water level of the reservoir,
wherein the control subsystem is adapted to base the control of the fan speed at least in part on the water level indicated by the level indicator.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the cooling circuit comprises a pump to regulate a temperature gradient of the water flow across the fuel cell stack.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the cooling circuit comprises a heat exchanger to communicate the water flow, the heat exchanger to receive an air flow generated by the fan.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the water management circuit comprises a condenser to communicate the reactant flow, the condenser to receive an air flow generated by the fan.
10. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a humidifier to humidify the reactant flow in response to the water flow.
11. The fuel cell system of claim 10 , wherein the humidifier is adapted to counterflow the reactant flow and the water flow.
12. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the reactant flow comprises an oxidant and is further adapted to remove water from a fuel flow that is re-circulated from an anode exhaust of the fuel cell stack to an anode inlet of the fuel cell stack.
13. A method usable with a fuel cell, comprising:
communicating a reactant flow through the fuel cell;
communicating a water flow through the fuel cell, including communicating the water flow through a circuit that includes a reservoir;
removing water from the reactant flow and storing the removed water in the reservoir; and
operating a fan to control the amount of water removed from the reactant flow to regulate a water level of the reservoir and control removal of thermal energy from the water flow to regulate a temperature of the fuel cell.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the act of operating the fan comprises controlling a speed of the fan to regulate the water level of the reservoir and regulate the removal of the thermal energy from the water flow.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the act of controlling the speed of the fan comprise controlling the speed to regulate a temperature of the water flow at an inlet of the fuel cell.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the act of controlling the speed of the fan comprises controlling the speed of the fan to maintain a positive or neutral accumulation of water in the reservoir.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
determining a water level of the reservoir,
wherein the act of controlling the fan is based at least in part on the determined water level.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
controlling a pump to regulate a temperature of the water flow at an outlet of the fuel cell.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the act of communicating the water flow comprises communicating the water flow through a heat exchanger, and the act of operating the fan comprises controlling the fan to control removal of thermal energy from the water flow by the heat exchanger.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the act of communicating the reactant flow comprises communicating the reactant flow through a condenser, and the act of operating the fan comprises controlling the fan to control removal of water from the reactant flow by the condenser.
21. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
humidifying the reactant flow.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein act of humidifying comprises:
counterflowing the reactant flow and the water flow.
23. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reactant flow comprises an oxidant flow or a fuel flow.