Microfluidic device and material manipulating method using same
Microfluidic devices for manipulating relatively dense materials, such as colloidal rod particles, are provided. Microfluidic devices for separating a denser first material from a less-dense second material are provided. Methods of manipulating a relatively dense first material, for example, colloidal rod particles, and separating the first material from a less-dense second material, are provided. Methods of marking samples or sample components with relatively dense materials, are also provided.
1. A method comprising:
providing a microfluidic device comprising
a substrate,
a fluid processing pathway formed in or on the substrate and including a pathway end comprising a loading chamber, and
a separation chamber formed in or on the substrate and in fluid communication with the pathway end, the separation chamber comprising
a first input opening,
a second input opening,
an output opening, and
a material separation region disposed between the second input opening and the output opening, and wherein the material separation region is disposed along the fluid processing pathway further from the pathway end of the fluid processing pathway than are the second input opening and the output opening;
providing a first material having a first density and a second material having a second density that is less than the first density, in the material separation region;
separating the first material from the second material in the material separation region; and
removing the second material, without removing the first material, from the material separation region.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises water-insoluble colloidal rod particles.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises purification particles.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material separation region comprises a U-shaped channel.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing a sample with the first material in the material separation region to form a product.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising removing the product from the material separation region.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixing comprises ultrasonically mixing together the sample and the first material to form a product.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises spinning the microfluidic device.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material comprises a carrier and removing the second material comprises causing a pressure differential across the material separation region.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein removing the product comprises causing a pressure differential across the material separation region.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the denser first material comprises optically detectable markers, and the method further comprises irradiating the optically detectable markers with electromagnetic radiation.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising detecting emission beams emitted from the optically detectable markers.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising examining the denser first material with an electron microscope.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the denser first material is water-insoluble at 25° C. and the denser first material and the second material together comprise a suspension, a mixture, an emulsion, or a combination thereof.
15. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixing comprises providing at least one air bubble in the material-trapping region.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the first material and the second material is insoluble in the other.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material is a nanoparticle.