Low profile antenna for in body device
Low profile antennas for ingestible devices, such as ingestible event markers, are provided. Aspects of the ingestible devices of the invention include low profile signal transmission antennas configured such that they are flexible or degrade after use, allowing the antenna and attached components to pass easily through the body. Embodiments of the low profile antennas are configured to emit a detectable signal upon contact with a target physiological site. Also provided are methods of making and using the devices of the invention.
1. An ingestible event marker comprising:
an identifier that emits a signal when activated at a target site,
wherein the identifier comprises a signal generation element comprising a low profile antenna,
wherein the low profile antenna is enclosed within an encapsulating material such that the encapsulating material holds the low profile antenna in a first configuration prior to and during signal transmission, and
wherein the encapsulating material is dissolvable after ingestion and after signal transmission to release the low profile antenna to a second configuration.
2. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the low profile antenna is more flexible when in the second configuration than when in the first configuration.
3. The ingestible event marker according to claim 2 , wherein the flexible second configuration allows the antenna to pass easily through the body after signal transmission.
4. The ingestible event marker of claim 1 , wherein the low profile antenna comprises a first and a second transmission element separated by flexible conductor.
5. The ingestible event marker according to claim 4 , wherein the first and second transmission elements are electrodes.
6. The ingestible event marker according to claim 5 , wherein the low profile antenna comprises a coil in the first configuration.
7. The ingestible event marker according to claim 6 , wherein the low profile antenna is linear in the second configuration.
8. The ingestible event marker according to claim 7 , wherein each antenna ranges in length from 100 μm to 10 cm.
9. The ingestible event marker according to claim 5 , wherein the low profile antenna forms a loop in the second configuration.
10. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the identifier is activated upon contact with fluid at the target site.
11. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the target fluid is stomach fluid.
12. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the identifier comprises an integrated circuit.
13. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the identifier comprises a power source.
14. The ingestible event marker according to claim 13 , wherein the power source comprises a battery.
15. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the low profile antenna is configured to conform to ingestible pill dimensions.
16. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , further comprising an active agent stably associated with the signal generation element.
17. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the low profile antenna has a greater effective area when in the first configuration than when in the second configuration.
18. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating material is at least a part of a pill wall.
19. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating material is coupled to a surface of a pill.
20. A system comprising:
an ingestible event marker comprising an identifier that emits a signal when activated at a target site,
wherein the identifier comprises a signal generation element comprising a low profile antenna,
wherein the low profile antenna is enclosed within an encapsulating material such that the encapsulating material holds the low profile antenna in a first configuration prior to and during signal transmission, and
wherein the encapsulating material is dissolvable after ingestion and after signal transmission to release the low profile antenna to a second configuration; and
a receiver for detecting a signal produced by the signal generation element.
21. The system according to claim 20 , wherein the receiver is an in vivo receiver.
22. The system according claim 20 , wherein the receiver is an ex vivo receiver.
23. A method comprising:
administering to a subject an ingestible event marker comprising an identifier that emits a signal when activated at a target site,
wherein the identifier comprises a signal generation element comprising a low profile antenna,
wherein the low profile antenna is enclosed within an encapsulating material such that the encapsulating material holds the low profile antenna in a first configuration prior to and during signal transmission, and
wherein the encapsulating material is dissolvable after ingestion and after signal transmission to release the low profile antenna to a second configuration.
24. A kit comprising:
at least one ingestible event marker comprising an identifier that emits a signal when activated at a target site,
wherein the identifier comprises a signal generation element comprising a low profile antenna,
wherein the low profile antenna is enclosed within an encapsulating material such that the encapsulating material holds the low profile antenna in a first configuration prior to and during signal transmission, and
wherein the encapsulating material is dissolvable after ingestion and after signal transmission to release the low profile antenna to a second configuration.
25. The kit according to claim 24 , wherein the kit comprises a plurality of the ingestible event markers.
26. The kit according to claim 24 , wherein the kit further comprises a receiver.
27. An in-body device comprising:
a low profile antenna,
wherein the low profile antenna is enclosed within an encapsulating material such that the encapsulating material holds the low profile antenna in a first configuration prior to and during signal transmission, and
wherein the encapsulating material is dissolvable after ingestion and after signal transmission to release the low profile antenna to a second configuration.
28. The in-body device according to claim 27 , wherein the in-body device is an ingestible device.
29. The in-body device according to claim 28 , wherein the in-body device is an implantable device.