Fluid distribution apparatus and method of forming the same
A fluid distribution apparatus and method of forming such an apparatus is provided. A fluid distribution apparatus includes a body, a plenum, an inlet, and an outlet. The body is formed from at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride, oxynitride of elements comprising boron, aluminum, silicon, gallium, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes or combinations thereof. The plenum is positioned within the body. The inlet passes through a first portion of the body and is in fluid communication with the plenum, and the outlet passes through a second portion of the body and is also in fluid communication with the plenum.
1 . A fluid distribution apparatus comprising:
a body comprising:
at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride, oxynitride of elements comprising boron, aluminum, silicon, gallium, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes or combinations thereof;
a first plenum positioned within the body;
a first inlet passing through a first portion of the body and in fluid communication with the first plenum; and
a first outlet passing through a second portion of the body and in fluid communication with the first plenum.
2 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the body is comprised of pyrolytic boron nitride.
3 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 2 , where the body includes a first pyrolytic boron nitride layer and a second pyrolytic boron nitride layer deposited onto the first pyrolytic boron nitride layer.
4 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a heating element positioned between the first pyrolytic boron nitride layer and the second pyrolytic boron nitride layer.
5 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the first outlet is one of a plurality of outlets distributed along an external surface of the body.
6 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the first inlet is one of a plurality of inlets distributed along an external surface of the body.
7 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the body further comprises a second plenum positioned within the body, a second inlet passing through a third portion of the body and in fluid communication with the second plenum; and a second outlet passing through a fourth portion of the body and in fluid communication with the second plenum.
8 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 7 , where the first plenum includes a first plurality of interdigitated channels and the second plenum includes a second plurality of interdigitated channels alternatingly positioned with the first plurality of interdigitated channels.
9 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 8 , where the first outlet is one of a plurality of outlets, each outlet in fluid communication with one of the first plurality of interdigitated channels; and the second outlet is one of a plurality of outlets, each outlet in fluid communication with one of the second plurality of interdigitated channels.
10 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the body has a high aspect ratio.
11 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a heating element positioned within a wall of the body.
12 . The fluid distribution apparatus of claim 1 , where the body is disc-shaped.
13 . A method for forming a fluid distribution apparatus comprising:
providing a substrate;
depositing a first layer onto the substrate, the layer comprising at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride, oxynitride of elements selected from the group of boron, aluminum, silicon, gallium, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes or combinations thereof;
forming at least one hole through at least a portion of the first layer and substrate;
depositing a second layer onto at least a portion of the remaining first layer and onto at least a portion of exposed substrate;
forming at least one hole through the first and second layers to provide fluid access to the substrate; and
removing substrate material from the hole by elevating the environmental temperature, whereby a fluid distribution apparatus is formed.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the removing step provides a first plenum positioned within the first and second layers.
15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising the step of providing a first inlet and a first outlet in fluid communication with the first plenum.
16 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising the step of providing a second plenum positioned within the first and second layers, a second inlet and a second outlet in fluid communication with the second plenum.
17 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of placing a heating element on the first layer prior to the deposition of the second layer.
18 . The method of claim 13 , where the first layer comprises pyrolytic boron nitride.
19 . The method of claim 13 , where the second layer comprises pyrolytic boron nitride.
20 . The method of claim 13 , where the second layer is comprised of substantially the same material as the first layer.