Methods of enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings
Methods of enhancing mechanical properties of aluminum alloy high pressure die castings are disclosed herein. An aluminum alloy composition forming a casting comprises, by weight of the composition, at least one of a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2%, a copper concentration greater than about 1.5%, a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5%, and a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3%. After solidification, a casting is cooled to a quenching temperature between about 300° C. and about 500° C. Upon attainment of the quenching temperature, the casting is removed from the die and immediately quenched in a quench media. Following quenching, the casting is pre-aged at a reduced temperature between about room temperature and about 100° C. Thereafter, the casting is aged via at least one substantially isothermal aging at one or more elevated temperatures between about 150° C. and about 240° C.
1. A method of enhancing a mechanical property of an aluminum alloy high pressure die casting that contains internal porosity, the method comprising:
forcing under high pressure a molten aluminum alloy composition into a die, wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises at least one of magnesium, copper, silicon and zinc;
solidifying the aluminum alloy composition in the die to form the aluminum alloy high pressure die casting without the use of vacuum to remove air in mold cavities during die filling such that the solidified aluminum alloy high pressure die casting retains an internal porosity;
cooling the casting in the die to a quenching temperature between about 300° C. and about 500° C.;
quenching the casting in a quench media immediately upon attainment of the quenching temperature of the casting; and
subjecting the casting to a multi-step aging process after the casting has been quenched, the multi-step aging process comprising:
pre-aging the casting at a reduced temperature between about room temperature and about 100° C. for between about two to five hours; and
aging the casting with at least one substantially isothermal aging at a temperature greater than the reduced temperature, the aging taking place subsequent to the pre-aging, wherein the mechanical property comprises at least one of strength, hardness, and toughness.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quenching temperature of the casting is between about 400° C. and about 450° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quench media comprises air, water, or organic additive solutions.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the temperature of the water quench media is between about 65° C. and about 95° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a length of time from the removing of the casting from the die to the quenching of the casting in the quench media does not exceed about 15 seconds.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pre-aging is performed in the quench media at the reduced temperature.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reduced temperature of the pre-aging is between about 70° C. and about 95° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elevated temperature of the at least one substantially isothermal aging is between about 150° C. and about 240° C.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the elevated temperature of the at least one substantially isothermal aging is between about 170° C. and 200° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aging of the casting in the at least one substantially isothermal aging comprises:
aging the casting in a first substantially isothermal aging at an elevated temperature of about 180° C.; and
aging the casting in a second substantially isothermal aging subsequent to the first substantially isothermal aging at an elevated temperature of about 200° C.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2% and less then about 0.55% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the magnesium concentration equals about 0.35% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises a copper concentration greater than about 1.5% and less than about 5.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the copper concentration equals about 3.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5% and less than about 23.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the silicon concentration equals about 9.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy comprises a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3% and less than about 3.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the zinc concentration equals about 0.5% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises:
a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2% and less than about 0.55% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
a copper concentration greater than about 1.5% and less than about 5.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition; and
a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5% and less than about 23.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3% and less than about 3.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
the magnesium concentration equals about 0.35% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
the copper concentration equals about 3.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
the silicon concentration equals about 9.0% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition; and
the zinc concentration equals about 0.5% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises selectively cooling one or more designated areas of the casting prior to removing the casting from the die for quenching.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises cooling the casting to room temperature between the pre-aging and each of the at least one isothermal agings.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises a continuous transition between the pre-aging and each of the at least one isothermal agings without cooling the casting to room temperature between the pre-aging and each of the at least one isothermal agings.
24. A method of enhancing a mechanical property of an aluminum alloy high pressure die casting that contains internal porosity, the method comprising:
formulating an aluminum alloy composition for formation of the aluminum alloy high pressure die casting, wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a copper concentration greater than about 1.5% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
forming the casting in a die from the aluminum alloy composition;
removing the casting from the die with attainment of a quenching temperature of the casting between about 300° C. and about 500° C., the casting possessing an internal porosity without using a vacuum to remove air in mold cavities during die filling;
quenching the casting in a quench media immediately upon removal of the casting from the die;
subjecting the casting to a multi-step aging process after the casting has been quenched, the multi-step aging process comprising:
pre-aging the casting at a reduced temperature between about room temperature and about 100° C. for between about two to five hours; and
aging the casting in at least one substantially isothermal aging at an elevated temperature between about 150° C. and about240° C., the aging taking place subsequent to the pre-aging, wherein the mechanical property comprises at least one of strength, hardness, and toughness.
25. A method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy high pressure die casting that contains internal porosity, the method comprising:
forcing under high pressure a molten aluminum alloy composition into a die, wherein the aluminum alloy composition comprises a magnesium concentration greater than about 0.2% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a copper concentration greater than about 1.5% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a silicon concentration greater than about 0.5% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition, a zinc concentration greater than about 0.3% by weight of the aluminum alloy composition;
solidifying the aluminum alloy composition in the die to form the aluminum alloy high pressure die casting without the use of vacuum to remove air in mold cavities during die filling such that the solidified aluminum alloy high pressure die casting retains an internal porosity;
cooling the casting in the die to a quenching temperature between about 300° C. and about 500° C.,
quenching the casting in a quench media immediately upon attainment of the quenching temperature of the casting; and
subjecting the casting to a multi-step aging process after the casting has been quenched, the multi-step aging process comprising:
pre-aging the casting at a reduced temperature between about room temperature and about 100° C. for about 2.5 hours; and
aging the casting in at least one substantially isothermal aging at an elevated temperature between about 150° C. and about240° C., the aging taking place subsequent to the pre-aging.