Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same
View Patent ↗Provided herein are, among other things, jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the fuel compositions comprise at least a fuel component readily and efficiently produced, at least in part, from a microorganism. In certain embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise a high concentration of at least a bioengineered fuel component. In further embodiments, the fuel compositions provided herein comprise amorphane.
1. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) an amorphane having formula (I):
or a stereoisomer thereof; and
(b) a fuel,
wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 2 vol. % and wherein the fuel is either a petroleum-based fuel or a Fischer-Tropsch fuel and the amount of the fuel is at least about 5 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the amorphane is
or a combination thereof.
3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the amorphane is
or a combination thereof.
4. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a petroleum-based fuel.
5. The fuel composition of claim 4 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel is gasoline or diesel.
6. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a Fischer-Tropsch fuel.
7. A vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine, a fuel tank connected to the internal combustion engine, and the fuel composition of claim 1 in the fuel tank.
8. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) an amorphane having formula (I):
or a stereoisomer thereof;
(b) a petroleum-based fuel; and
(c) a fuel additive.
9. The fuel composition of claim 8 , wherein the amorphane is
or a combination thereof.
10. The fuel composition of claim 8 , wherein the amount of the amorphane is from about 2 vol. % to about 45 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 45 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
11. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 5 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
12. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 10 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
13. The fuel compositions of claim 10 , wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 15 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
14. The fuel composition of claim 10 , wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 20 vol. %, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
15. The fuel composition of claims 8 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel is kerosene.
16. The fuel composition of claim 8 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel is Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B.
17. The fuel composition of claim 16 , wherein the fuel composition meets the ASTM D 1655 specification for Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet B.
18. The fuel composition of claim 8 , wherein the fuel additive is at least one additive selected from the group consisting of an oxygenate, an antioxidant, a thermal stability improver, a stabilizer, a cold flow improver, a combustion improver, an anti-foam, an anti-haze additive, a corrosion inhibitor, a lubricity improver, an icing inhibitor, an injector cleanliness additive, a smoke suppressant, a drag reducing additive, a metal deactivator, a dispersant, a detergent, a de-emulsifier, a dye, a marker, a static dissipater, a biocide, and combinations thereof.
19. A method of making a fuel composition comprising:
(a) contacting amorphadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to form an amorphane having formula (I):
or a stereoisomer thereof; and
(b) mixing the amorphane with a petroleum-based fuel to make the fuel composition;
wherein the amount of the amorphane is at least about 5 vol. % and the amount of the petroleum-based fuel is at least about 50 vol. %, both amounts based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the catalyst is Pd/C.