Method of selectively heating adipose tissue
A method of operating a tissue treatment apparatus for heating adipose tissue located beneath the dermis with high frequency energy from an electrode. The method includes delivering high frequency energy from the electrode to the adipose tissue at a dose that is applied over a period of time sufficient to heat the adipose tissue while at the same time not cause significant heating of the dermis. Embodiments of the method include cooling the electrode to cool a region of tissue next to the electrode.
1 . A method of operating a tissue treatment apparatus for heating adipose tissue located beneath the dermis, the method comprising:
delivering high frequency energy from an electrode to the adipose tissue at a dose and for a period of time that are sufficient to heat the adipose tissue to at least 42° C. with the proviso that the temperature of the dermis is about 42° C. or less, wherein the dose is in a range of about 3 W/cm 2 to about 100 W/cm 2 , and the period of time ranges from greater than 3 seconds to about 30 seconds.
2 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
cooling the dermis by heat transfer from the skin to the electrode in order to maintain the temperature of the dermis at 42° C. or less.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein the temperature of the dermis is about 40° C. or less.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the dose is in a range of about 9 J/cm 2 to about 800 J/cm 2 .
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the dose is sufficient to heat the adipose tissue to 45° C. or higher.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the high frequency energy is applied in one of at least a first pulse or a plurality of pulses.
7 . The method of claim 6 wherein the tissue is allowed to return to its pre-treatment temperature after an initial pulse from among the plurality of pulses.
8 . The method of claim 6 wherein the tissue is not allowed to return to its pre-treatment temperature prior to the application of the additional pulse.
9 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
measuring the temperature of at least one of the adipose tissue or the dermis.
10 . A method of operating a tissue treatment apparatus for heating adipose tissue located beneath the dermis, the method comprising:
delivering high frequency energy from an electrode to the adipose tissue at a dose and for a period of time that are sufficient to increase at least one of necrosis, apoptosis, or inflammation in the treated adipose tissue relative to an untreated adipose tissue, wherein the dose is in a range of about 3 W/cm 2 to about 100 W/cm 2 , and the period of time ranges from greater than 3 seconds to about 30 seconds.
11 . The method of claim 10 further comprising:
cooling the dermis to maintain the temperature of the dermis at 42° C. or less.
12 . The method of claim 10 further comprising:
measuring the increase of at least one of necrosis, apoptosis, or inflammation using a histological staining method.
13 . The method of claim 10 wherein the dose is in a range of about 9 J/cm 2 to about 800 J/cm 2 .
14 . A method of operating a tissue treatment apparatus for heating adipose tissue located beneath the dermis, the method comprising:
delivering high frequency energy from an electrode to the adipose tissue at a dose and for a period of time that are sufficient to decrease perilipin activity, wherein the dose is in a range of about 3 W/cm 2 to about 100 W/cm 2 , and the period of time ranges from greater than 3 seconds to about 30 seconds.
15 . The method of claim 14 further comprising:
cooling the dermis to maintain the temperature of the dermis at 42° C. or less.
16 . The method of claim 14 wherein perilipin activity is decreased by decreasing expression of at least one of a perilipin gene or protein.
17 . The method of claim 14 wherein the dose is in a range of about 8 J/cm 2 to about 200 J/cm 2 .