Non-isolated current-mode-controlled switching voltage regulator
View Patent ↗A novel voltage regulator includes an indictor, a switching transistor, a rectifier, an error amplifier circuit, a first voltage comparator circuit, a second voltage comparator circuit, an oscillator circuit, and a driver circuit. The first voltage comparator circuit outputs a modulation signal. The second voltage comparator circuit activates an enable signal when the error voltage exceeds the second reference voltage. The oscillator circuit outputs a clock signal with a fixed frequency according to the enable signal. The oscillator circuit enters a first state when the enable signal is activated and deactivated within a period of time shorter than a threshold time, and enters a second state when the enable signal remains activated during a period of time longer than the threshold time. The driver circuit generates the switching control signal based on the clock signal and the modulation signal.
1. A non-isolated current-mode-controlled switching voltage regulator that converts a voltage input to an input terminal to output a constant output voltage to an output terminal while switching control mode between PWM mode and VFM mode depending on a current output to the output terminal, the voltage regulator comprising:
an inductor connected between the input terminal and the output terminal;
a switching transistor to charge the inductor with the input voltage by switching on and off according to a switching control signal;
a rectifier to discharge the inductor when the switching transistor switches off;
an error amplifier circuit to amplify a difference between a first reference voltage and a feedback voltage proportional to the output voltage, and output an error voltage indicating the amplified voltage difference;
a first voltage comparator circuit to compare the error voltage against a ramp voltage generated by adding a slope compensation voltage to a current-sensing voltage corresponding to a current flowing through the inductor, and output a modulation signal pulsed to indicate a result of comparison between the error voltage and the ramp voltage;
a second voltage comparator circuit to compare the error voltage against a second reference voltage, and activate an enable signal when the error voltage exceeds the second reference voltage;
an oscillator circuit to output a clock signal with a fixed frequency according to the enable signal,
the oscillator circuit entering a first state when the enable signal is activated and deactivated within a period of time shorter than a threshold time, and entering a second state when the enable signal remains activated during a period of time longer than the threshold time,
the clock signal being pulsed with a variable frequency when the oscillator circuit is in the first state, and oscillating with a frequency constantly increasing from an initial level before stabilizing at the fixed frequency when the oscillator circuit is in the second state; and
a driver circuit to generate the switching control signal based on the clock signal and the modulation signal,
the switching control signal causing the switching transistor to turn on in response to a pulse in the clock signal, and to turn off in response to a pulse in the modulation signal.
2. The voltage regulator according to claim 1 , wherein the threshold time is a period of time equal to a reciprocal of the fixed frequency.
3. The voltage regulator according to claim 1 , wherein the oscillator circuit includes:
a capacitor;
a current source circuit to charge the capacitor with a supply current constantly increasing toward a constant current level upon activation of the enable signal; and
a discharge circuit to discharge the capacitor when a terminal voltage across the capacitor exceeds a threshold voltage.
4. The voltage regulator according to claim 1 , wherein the second reference voltage is adjusted to switch the control mode from VFM mode to PWM mode when the output current reaches a critical current with which the voltage regulator enters a continuous operation mode from a discontinuous operation mode.
5. The voltage regulator according to claim 1 , wherein the rectifier comprises a synchronous rectifier transistor to discharge the inductor by switching on and off according to a rectification control signal generated by the driver circuit,
the synchronous rectifier transistor turning off simultaneously with the switching transistor turning on to charge the inductor,
the synchronous rectifier transistor turning on simultaneously with the switching transistor turning off to discharge the inductor.
6. The voltage regulator according to claim 5 , wherein the driver circuit monitors a nodal voltage at a node between the switching transistor and the inductor, and shuts off the synchronous rectifier transistor when the nodal voltage indicates occurrence of a current backflow from the output terminal toward the synchronous rectifier transistor.