Magnetorheological fluid and method of making the same
A magnetorheological (MR) fluid is described herein. The MR fluid includes a plurality of magnetizable particles having a particle density. The fluid also includes a carrier fluid having a fluid density, and the plurality of magnetizable particles is dispersed within the carrier fluid. A portion of the plurality of magnetizable particles has a particle density that is substantially the same as the fluid density. The MR fluid may include a plurality of magnetizable particles having an outer shell of a magnetizable material and a hollow core. The MR fluid may also include a plurality of magnetizable particles having an outer shell of a magnetizable material and a solid core. The MR fluid may include a plurality of magnetizable particles having a matrix and a plurality of sub-particles embedded therein. The core or matrix of these particles may include a ceramic, glass or polymer, or a combination thereof. The magnetizable material may include magnetizable metals, metal alloys and various ferrites, such as those comprising Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, or Zn, or a combination thereof.
1. A magnetorheological fluid, comprising:
a plurality of magnetizable particles having a particle density, a portion of the magnetizable particles comprising a porous shell of a magnetizable material; and
a carrier fluid having a fluid density, the plurality of magnetizable particles dispersed within the carrier fluid, a portion of the plurality of magnetizable particles having a particle density that is substantially the same as the fluid density.
2. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the magnetizable particles comprising the porous shell have a hollow inner cavity.
3. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 2 , wherein the portion of the magnetizable particles comprising the porous shell are substantially spherical.
4. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 1 , wherein the portion of the magnetizable particles comprising the porous shell have an inner core.
5. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 4 , wherein the inner core comprises a ceramic, glass or polymer, or a combination thereof.
6. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 4 , wherein the inner core comprises a matrix having plurality of magnetizable sub-particles dispersed therein.
7. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 6 , wherein the matrix comprises a ceramic, glass or polymer, or a combination thereof.
8. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 6 , wherein the matrix is porous.
9. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable material comprises a paramagnetic, superparamagnetic, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, or a combination thereof.
10. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 1 , wherein the magnetizable material comprises a ferrite.
11. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 10 , wherein the ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn, or a combination thereof.
12. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 2 , wherein the porous shell of the magnetizable material is configured such that the carrier fluid may permeate the cavity.
13. A magnetorheological fluid, comprising:
a plurality of magnetizable particles having a porous outer shell of a magnetizable material and an inner core, the inner core comprising a ceramic, glass or polymer, or a combination thereof; and
a carrier fluid, the plurality of magnetizable particles dispersed within the carrier fluid.
14. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 13 , wherein the inner core comprises one of a solid core or a hollow core.
15. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 13 , wherein the magnetizable particles comprise a ferrite.
16. The magnetorheological fluid of claim 15 , wherein the ferrite comprises Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni or Zn, or a combination thereof.
17. A method of making an MR fluid, comprising:
forming a carrier fluid configured to receive a plurality of magnetizable particles, the carrier fluid having a fluid density;
forming the plurality of magnetizable particles having a particle density; a portion of the magnetizable particles comprising a porous shell of a magnetizable material, the magnetizable particles having a particle density that is substantially the same as the fluid density; and
dispersing the magnetizable particles in the carrier fluid.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming the plurality of magnetizable particles comprises for each of the plurality of particles, depositing a layer of a porous magnetizable material as an outer shell over a hollow or a solid inner core comprising a glass, a polymer or a ceramic, or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising removing the inner cores to produce a plurality of magnetizable particles, wherein the magnetizable particles comprise an outer shell and an inner cavity.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein forming the plurality of magnetizable particles comprises for each of the plurality of particles, forming a plurality of sub-particles of the magnetizable material and a matrix comprising a glass, a polymer or a ceramic, or a combination thereof, wherein the sub-particles are embedded in the matrix.