Direct epoxidation process using alkanoic acid modifier
The invention is a process for epoxidizing an olefin with hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of an alkanoic acid and a catalyst comprising a noble metal and a titanium zeolite, wherein the catalyst has not been reduced prior to epoxidation. This process surprisingly gives significantly improved productivity and reduced formation of unwanted propane compared to processes that do not use the alkanoic acid modifier.
1 . A process for producing an epoxide comprising reacting an olefin, oxygen, and hydrogen in the presence of an alkanoic acid and a catalyst comprising a titanium silicalite, palladium, and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst has not been reduced prior to epoxidation.
2 . The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is a palladium-containing titanium zeolite that contains the one or more, metals.
3 . (canceled)
4 . (canceled)
5 . The process of claim 1 wherein the palladium and one or more metals are supported on a carrier selected from the group consisting of carbon, titania, zirconia, niobia, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, tantalum oxides, molybdenum oxides, tungsten oxides, titania-silica, zirconia-silica, niobia-silica, and mixtures thereof.
6 . The process of claim 1 wherein the olefin is a C 2 -C 6 olefin.
7 . The process of claim 1 wherein the reaction is conducted in a solvent selected from the group consisting of oxygenated hydrocarbons, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, supercritical CO 2 , water, and mixtures thereof.
8 . The process of claim 7 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, water, and mixtures thereof.
9 . The process of claim 1 wherein the alkanoic acid is a C 2 -C 6 alkanoic acid.
10 . The process of claim 1 wherein the alkanoic acid is acetic acid.
11 . The process of claim 1 wherein the titanium silicalite is TS-1 or Ti-MWW.
12 . A process for producing propylene oxide comprising reacting propylene, hydrogen and oxygen in a solvent in the presence of acetic acid and a catalyst comprising a titanium silicalite, palladium, and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of lead, bismuth, and mixtures thereof, wherein the catalyst has not been reduced prior to epoxidation.
13 . The process of claim 12 wherein the palladium and one or more metals are supported on a carrier selected from the group consisting of carbon, titania, zirconia, niobium oxides, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, tantalum oxides, molybdenum oxides, tungsten oxides, titania-silica, zirconia-silica, niobia-silica, and mixtures thereof.
14 . (canceled)
15 . The process of claim 12 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, water, and mixtures thereof.