Low-pass filter, constant voltage circuit, and semiconductor integrated circuit including same
View Patent ↗A low-pass filter that filters an input signal input to a filter input terminal to output a filtered output signal to a filter output terminal includes a capacitor, a first field-effect transistor, a first resistor, and a first current source. The capacitor is connected between the filter output terminal and ground. The first field-effect transistor has a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the filter input terminal, and a second conduction terminal connected to the filter output terminal. The first resistor is connected between the gate and first conduction terminals of the first transistor. The first current source is connected to the first resistor to supply a first current to the first resistor. The first resistor generates a first voltage thereacross based on the supplied first current for electrically biasing the gate terminal of the first transistor.
1. A low-pass filter that filters an input signal input to a filter input terminal to output a filtered output signal to a filter output terminal, the low-pass filter comprising:
a capacitor connected between the filter output terminal and ground;
a first field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the filter input terminal, and a second conduction terminal connected to the filter output terminal;
a first resistor connected between the gate and first conduction terminal of the first transistor; and
a first current source connected to the first resistor to supply a first current to the first resistor,
the first resistor generating a first voltage thereacross based on the supplied first current for electrically biasing the gate terminal of the first transistor,
wherein the first current source includes:
a second current source to supply a second current;
a second field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the gate terminal thereof, and a second conduction terminal connected to the second current source,
the second transistor generating a second voltage at the second conduction terminal thereof based on the second current supplied from the second current source;
a second resistor;
a third field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the first resistor, and a second conduction terminal connected to the second resistor,
the third transistor conducting the first current between the first and second conduction terminals thereof for supply to the first resistor in response to a control signal applied to the gate terminal thereof,
the second resistor generating a third voltage at the second conduction terminal of the third transistor conducting the first current; and
an operational amplifier having a first input connected to the second conduction terminal of the second transistor, a second input connected to the second conduction terminal of the third transistor, and an output connected to the gate terminal of the third transistor to output the control signal to the gate terminal of the third transistor so as to maintain the third voltage substantially equal to the second voltage.
2. The low-pass filter according to claim 1 , wherein the first current source further includes a current mirror connected between the first resistor and the first conduction terminal of the third transistor to generate a replicated first current for supply to the first resistor substantially proportional to the current flowing through the third transistor.
3. The low-pass filter according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second transistors are substantially identical in conductivity type and have substantially identical physical properties.
4. The low-pass filter according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second resistors have substantially identical physical properties.
5. A constant voltage circuit that converts an input voltage input to a voltage input terminal to generate a constant output voltage output to a voltage output terminal, the circuit comprising:
an output transistor connected between the voltage input and output terminals to control current flow therethrough according to a regulator control signal applied to a control terminal thereof;
a reference voltage generator to generate a reference voltage;
a regulator control circuit connected to the reference voltage generator and the voltage output terminal to generate the regulator control signal based on a comparison of the output voltage and the reference voltage for application to the control terminal of the output transistor; and
a low-pass filter having a filter input terminal connected to the reference voltage generator and a filter output terminal connected to the control circuit to filter the reference voltage input to the filter input terminal to output a filtered reference voltage to the filter output terminal, the low-pass filter including:
a capacitor connected between the filter output terminal and ground;
a first field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the filter input terminal, and a second conduction terminal connected to the filter output terminal;
a first resistor connected between the gate and first conduction terminals of the first transistor; and
a first current source connected to the first resistor to supply a first current to the first resistor,
the first resistor generating a first voltage thereacross based on the supplied first current for electrically biasing the gate terminal of the first transistor,
wherein the first current source includes:
a second current source to supply a second current;
a second field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the gate terminal thereof, and a second conduction terminal connected to the second current source,
the second transistor generating a second voltage at the second conduction terminal thereof based on the second current supplied from the second current source;
a second resistor;
a third field-effect transistor having a gate terminal, a first conduction terminal connected to the first resistor, and a second conduction terminal connected to the second resistor,
the third transistor conducting a first current between the first and second conduction terminals thereof for supply to the first resistor in response to a control signal applied to the gate terminal thereof,
the second resistor generating a third voltage at the second conduction terminal of the third transistor conducting the first current; and
an operational amplifier having a first input connected to the second conduction terminal of the second transistor, a second input connected to the second conduction terminal of the third transistor, and an output connected to the gate terminal of the third transistor to output the control signal to the gate terminal of the third transistor so as to maintain the third voltage substantially equal to the second voltage.
6. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the first current source further includes a current mirror connected between the first resistor and the first conduction terminal of the third transistor to generate a replicated first current for supply to the first resistor substantially proportional to the current flowing through the third transistor.
7. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the first and second transistors are substantially identical in conductivity type and have substantially identical physical properties.
8. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the first and second resistors have substantially identical physical properties.
9. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , further comprising a startup circuit connected to the first current source which supplies a current to the second conduction terminal of the second transistor to increase the first current through the first resistor for a given period of time after power on, to temporarily reduce impedance of the first transistor to immediately charge up the capacitor.
10. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the regulator control circuit includes:
a voltage divider connected to the voltage output terminal to generate a feedback voltage substantially proportional to the output voltage; and
an error amplifier connected to the voltage divider and the reference voltage generator to amplify a difference between the reference voltage and the feedback voltage to generate the regulator control signal,
the low-pass filter being inserted between the reference voltage generator and the error amplifier to filter the reference voltage output from the reference voltage generator prior to input to the error amplifier.
11. The constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 , wherein the regulator control circuit includes:
a reference amplification circuit connected to the reference voltage generator to amplify the reference voltage; and
a buffer amplifier connected to the voltage output terminal and the reference amplification circuit to amplify a difference between the amplified reference voltage and the output voltage to generate the regulator control signal,
the low-pass filter being inserted between the reference amplification circuit and the buffer amplifier to filter the reference voltage output from the reference amplification circuit prior to input to the buffer amplifier.
12. A semiconductor integrated circuit wherein the constant voltage circuit according to claim 5 is integrated into a single integrated circuit.
13. The semiconductor integrated circuit according to claim 12 , wherein at least the first transistor is fabricated on a semiconductor-on-insulator substrate.