Bimetallic forging and method
A method of forming a bimetallic forging includes providing a blank comprising at least a first element and a second element of a first metal, and an insert of a second metal. A blank is configured such that the insert may be substantially encapsulated by a shell defined by the first element and the second element. The blank is forged to form a bimetallic forging including an outer portion defined by the shell, an inner portion defined by the insert, and an interface layer therebetween. In a non-limiting example, the first metal is substantially comprised of aluminum and the second metal is substantially comprised of magnesium. In a non-limiting example, the blank may be forged to form a vehicle wheel including an aluminum skin substantially encapsulating a magnesium inner portion, providing wheel with a high strength to weight ratio and improved corrosion performance.
1. A method of forming a bimetallic forging, the method comprising:
providing a first element substantially made of a first metal;
providing a second element substantially made of the first metal;
providing an insert substantially made of a second metal;
forming a blank comprised of the first element, the second element, and the insert portion;
wherein the blank is configured such that:
the insert is substantially encapsulated by a shell defined by the first element and the second element;
joining the first element and the second element by friction stir welding to form a seam defined by a fine grained microstructure such that the seam is characterized by a higher fatigue strength relative to the remainder of the shell; and
forging the blank to form a forging comprising:
an outer portion substantially made of the first metal and defined by the shell;
an inner portion substantially made of the second metal and defined by the insert; and
an interface layer defining a metallurgical bond between the outer portion and the inner portion.
2. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the first metal is one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy; and
wherein the second metal is one of magnesium and a magnesium alloy.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing a third element made of the first metal;
forming a blank comprised of the first element, the second element, the third element and the insert;
wherein the shell of the blank is defined by the first element, the second element and the third element.
4. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the insert defines an outer surface;
wherein the first element and the second element each define an inner surface;
wherein at least one of the outer surface of the insert and the inner surfaces of the first and the second elements comprise a coating substantially comprised of a third metal.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forging is adaptable for use as a wheel for a vehicle.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:
wherein the insert is configured as a casting; and
wherein at least one of the first element and the second element is configured as an extrusion.
7. A bimetallic forging formed from a blank, the forging comprising:
an outer portion substantially made of a first metal and defined by a shell portion of the blank;
wherein the shell portion includes a first element and a second element joined by a seam defined by a fine grained microstructure;
wherein the seam is characterized by a higher fatigue strength relative to the remainder of the shell portion;
an inner portion substantially made of a second metal and defined by an insert portion of the blank; and
an interface layer defining a metallurgical bond between the outer portion and the inner portion.
8. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 ,
wherein the first metal is one of aluminum and an aluminum alloy; and
wherein the second metal is one of magnesium and a magnesium alloy.
9. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein the outer portion is configured to substantially encapsulate the inner portion; and
the outer portion is of non-uniform thickness.
10. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein:
the interface layer includes a coating substantially made of a third metal; and
the interface layer is defined by an intermetallic layer comprising the third metal and at least one of the first metal and the second metal.
11. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein the forging is configured as a wheel for a vehicle.
12. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein:
the shell portion further comprises a third element; and
the third element is joined to one of the first element and the second element.
13. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein the insert portion is non-concentric to the shell portion.
14. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , wherein the insert portion is non-symmetrical to the shell portion.
15. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , further comprising:
a polygonal interface between the insert portion and the shell portion; and
a cylindrical outer surface defined by the shell portion.
16. The bimetallic forging of claim 7 , further comprising:
a coating substantially made of one of graphite and boron nitride and applied to one of an outer surface of the insert portion and an interior surface of at least one of the first and second elements;
wherein the outer surface and the interior surface are interfacing surfaces.