BRANCHED POLYMERS, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF
Provided herein are branched polymers synthesized from: at least one (A1) reactive monomer having a vinyl functional group, or (A2) a hybrid reactive monomer having (a) at least one vinyl functional group and (b) at least one reactive non-vinyl functional group; and at least one: (B1) branching agent having at least two N-vinyl formamide functional groups or (B2) a hybrid branching agent having (a) at least one N-vinyl formamide functional group, and (b) at least one vinyl functional group. The polymers exhibit branching behavior, which in some embodiments lends to lower viscosity, enhanced processability, and/or improved sprayability compared to a corresponding polymer of equal molecular weight synthesized without the second reactive moiety. Formulations with the invention's polymers also are presented.
1 . A branched polymer resulting from the polymerization of
at least one: (A1) reactive monomer having a vinyl functional group, or (A2) a hybrid reactive monomer having (a) at least one vinyl functional group and (b) at least one reactive non-vinyl functional group, and
at least one: (B1) branching agent having at least two N-vinyl formamide functional groups or (B2) a hybrid branching agent having (a) at least one N-vinyl formamide functional group, and (b) at least one vinyl functional group.
2 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 that is at least 10% (w/w) soluble in a solvent for which the corresponding polymer of equal molecular weight made without said (B1) or (B2) also is soluble.
3 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 having at least one of: a lower viscosity, enhanced processability, or improved sprayability compared to a corresponding polymer of equal molecular weight synthesized without said (B1) or said (B2).
4 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 , wherein said (A1) is selected from the group consisting of: maleic anhydrides, vinyl amides, (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides, styrenes, maleimides, maleates, fumarates, cinnamyls, vinyl imidazoles, vinyl pyridines, vinyl acetates, vinyl sulfones, vinyl carbonates, vinyl silanes, allyls, vinyl ethers, and combinations thereof.
5 . The branched polymer according to claim 4 wherein said vinyl amide is selected from the group consisting of: N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, and combinations thereof.
6 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 , wherein said wherein said “reactive non-vinyl functional group” in said (A2) is selected from the group consisting of: epoxides, oxetanes, benzoxazines, oxazolines, and combinations thereof.
7 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 , wherein said (B1) is selected from the group consisting of:
and combinations thereof.
8 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 wherein said (B2) is selected from the group consisting of: is selected from the group consisting of:
and combinations thereof.
9 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 having a weight-average molecular weight from about 200 Da to about 20,000,000 Da.
10 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 wherein said (A1) is selected from the group consisting of: N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, and combinations thereof; and said (B1) is selected from the group consisting of: 1,8-di-(N-vinyl formamido)-3,6-dioxyoctane, 1,6-di-(N-vinyl formamido) hexane, and combinations thereof.
11 . The branched polymer according to claim 1 wherein said (A1) is selected from the group consisting of: N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-caprolactam, and combinations thereof; and said (B2) is selected from the group consisting of: N-allyl-N-vinyl formamide.
12 . A composition comprising a branched polymer of any one of claim 1 , wherein said composition is selected from the group consisting of: adhesive, aerosol, agricultural, beverage, cleaning, coating, detergent, drug, encapsulation, food, lithographic, membrane, oilfield, personal care composition, pharmaceutical/nutritional, and pigment dispersion compositions.
13 . The composition according to claim 12 that provides a median volume-average droplet diameter (Dv 50 ) of 130 μm or less.
14 . The composition according to claim 13 that provides a circular spray pattern.
15 . The personal care composition according to claim 12 that is a hair care, hair styling, skin care, sun care, oral care, or color cosmetic composition.
16 . The hair care composition according to claim 15 that further comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: ethanol, dimethyl ether, water, and combinations thereof.
17 . The hair care composition according to claim 15 having a product form that is a spray, mist, gel, tonic, or mousse.
18 . The hair care composition according to claim 15 having up to 10% (w/w total) of said branched polymer.
19 . The hair care composition according to claim 15 that provides a curl retention benefit.
20 . The hair care product according to claim 15 that provides less on-comb or less on-hair flaking than an equivalent hair care composition made with completely linear PVP K-30, PVP K-60, or PVP K-90.
21 . The oral care composition according to claim 15 that is a toothpaste, a mouthwash, a mouth rinse, a denture adhesive, a tooth whitener, a tooth stain remover, a tooth stain preventer, an anti-calculus composition, an oral gel, an anti-gingivitis, a gum, or a breath enhancing composition.