Upconverting nanoparticles for optimizing scintillator based detection systems

1. A scintillation detection system, the system comprising:

a scintillator material;

a sensor;

a light transmission path between the scintillator material and the sensor, the light transmission path comprising a first scintillator surface, a light transmission path volume and a first sensor surface; and

a plurality of upconverting nanoparticles, the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles positioned in the light transmission path.

2. The scintillation detection system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles absorb light at a first energy and a first wavelength and emit light at a second energy and a second wavelength wherein the second energy is higher than the first energy and the second wavelength is shorter than the first wavelength.

3. The scintillation detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first scintillator surface is adjacent the light transmission path volume and is adjacent the scintillator material and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles are coated on the first scintillator surface.

4. The scintillation detection system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor surface is adjacent the light transmission path volume and is adjacent the sensor and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles are coated on the first sensor surface.

5. The scintillation detector system of claim 1 , wherein the light transmission path volume comprises a light guide.

6. The scintillation detector system of claim 5 , wherein the light guide includes at least a portion of the plurality of the upconverting nanoparticles.

7. The scintillation detection system of claim 1 , wherein the scintillator material is selected from the group consisting of organic crystals, organic liquids, plastic scintillators, inorganic crystals, gaseous scintillators, glasses and combinations thereof.

8. The scintillation detection system of claim 7 , wherein the scintillator material is a plastic scintillator comprising a polymer matrix and a fluorescent material.

9. The scintillation detection system of claim 8 , wherein the polymer matrix is selected from polyvinyltoluene, styrene polymers, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl xylene, polyvinyl diphenyl, naphathalene polymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

10. The scintillation detection system of claim 8 , wherein the fluorescent material is selected from the group consisting of polyphenyl hydrocarbons, oxazle, oxadiazole aryls, and combinations thereof.

11. The scintillation detection system of claim 7 , wherein the scintillator material is an inorganic crystal selected from the group consisting of barium fluoride, cerium fluoride, calcium fluoride, bismuth germinate, cadmium tungstate, calcium tungstate, cesium iodide, lanthium bromide, lanthium chloride, lead tungstate, lutetium iodide, lutetium oxyorthosilicate, sodium iodide, yttrium aluminum garnet, zinc sulfide, zinc tungstate, cerium fluoride and combinations thereof.

12. The scintillation detection system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is selected from the group consisting of photomultiplier tubes, silicon photomultiplier, microchannel plate, photo diodes, avalanche photodiodes and combinations thereof.

13. A method of making a scintillation detection system comprising:

providing a scintillator material;

providing a sensor;

providing a light transmission path between the scintillator and the sensor, the light transmission path comprising a first scintillator surface, a light transmission path volume and a first sensor surface;

providing a plurality of upconverting nanoparticles; and

placing the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles in the light transmission path.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles are coated on the first scintillator surface.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles are coated on the first sensor surface.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of the plurality of upconverting nanoparticles are incorporated into the scintillator material during scintillator manufacturing.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein the light transmission path volume comprises a light guide.

18. The method of claim 16 wherein the light guide Includes at least a portion of the plurality of the upconverting nanoparticles.

19. The method of claim 13 wherein the scintillator material is selected from the group consisting of organic crystals, organic liquids, plastic scintillators, inorganic crystals, gaseous scintillators, glasses and combinations thereof.