PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BLOCK COPOLYMER PIGMENT DISPERSANTS
The present invention is a process for producing a linear block copolymer, useful as a dispersant for pigment, wherein the block copolymer comprises acetoacetyl amine functional groups which serve as pigment anchoring groups. The linear block copolymer can be an AB, ABC, or ABA block copolymer. The linear block copolymer produced by the present invention can be useful in dispersing and stabilizing a wide range of pigments in solvent based systems, and are particularly useful in providing pigment dispersions that are used in coating compositions for automobiles and trucks, where they provide improved efficiency of pigment use, lower paint viscosity, and reduced emission of volatile organic solvent.
1 . A process for producing a linear block copolymer comprising one or more acetoacetyl amine functional groups as pigment anchoring groups, said process comprising the steps of:
(A) forming a linear A-block by polymerizing, in an A-block polymerization reaction mix, ethylenically unsaturated A-block monomers using free radical polymerization in the presence of a catalytic chain transfer agent;
(B) forming a linear AB-diblock copolymer comprising said linear A-block and a B-block by polymerizing, in an AB-block polymerization reaction mix, said linear A-block and ethylenically unsaturated B-block monomers comprising acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups; and
(C) optionally, forming a linear ABC-triblock copolymer comprising said linear AB-diblock copolymer and a C-block by polymerizing said linear AB-diblock copolymer and ethylenically unsaturated C-block monomers; and
wherein said linear A-block, and said C-block when present, are essentially free from said acetoacetyl amine functional groups, and wherein said A-block monomers and said C-block monomers are the same or different.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said B-block monomers further comprise monomers having functional groups selected from one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more acyclic amide groups, one or more cyclic amide groups, one or more quaternary ammonium groups, or a combination thereof.
3 . The process of claim of 1 , wherein said catalytic chain transfer agent is a cobalt (II) or cobalt(III) chain transfer agent.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the linear block copolymer has a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 2,000-100,000.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said linear block copolymer comprises in a range of from 5% to 50% of polymerized acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups in the B-block and in a range of from 0% to 5% of polymerized acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups in the linear A-block, or the C-block when present, percentage based on the total weight of the linear block copolymer.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein said linear ABC-triblock copolymer, when present, further comprise a BC-transitioning block and is formed by adding a C-block polymerization reaction mix comprising ethylenically unsaturated C-block monomers into said AB-block polymerization reaction mix when said AB-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 60% to 99%.
7 . The process of claim 6 , wherein linear ABC-triblock copolymer is formed by adding said ABC-block polymerization reaction mix when said AB-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 80% to 99%.
8 . A pigment dispersion comprising the linear block copolymer produced by the process of claim 1 .
9 . A coating composition comprising the pigment dispersion of claim 8 .
10 . A process for producing a linear block copolymer comprising one or more acetoacetyl amine functional groups as pigment anchoring groups, said process comprising the steps of:
(A) forming a linear A-block by polymerizing, in an A-block polymerization reaction mix, ethylenically unsaturated A-block monomers using free radical polymerization in the presence of a catalytic chain transfer agent;
(B1) forming a linear AB-block copolymer comprising said linear A-block, an AB-transitioning block and a B-block by adding an AB-block polymerization reaction mix comprising ethylenically unsaturated B-block monomers comprising acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups into said A-block polymerization reaction mix when said A-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 60% to 99%;
(C) optionally, forming a linear ABC-triblock copolymer comprising said linear AB-block copolymer and a C-block by polymerizing said linear AB-block copolymer and ethylenically unsaturated C-block monomers; and
wherein said linear A-block, and said C-block when present, are essentially free from said acetoacetyl amine functional groups, and wherein said A-block monomers and said C-block monomers are the same or different.
11 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said linear AB-block copolymer is formed by adding said AB-block polymerization reaction mix when said A-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 80% to 99%.
12 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said linear ABC-triblock copolymer, when present, further comprise a BC-transitioning block and is formed by adding a ABC-block polymerization reaction mix comprising ethylenically unsaturated C-block monomers into said AB-block polymerization reaction mix when said AB-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 60% to 99%.
13 . The process of claim 12 , wherein said linear ABC-triblock copolymer is formed by adding said ABC-block polymerization reaction mix when said AB-block polymerization reaction mix reaches a conversion level in a range of from 80% to 99%.
14 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said linear block copolymer comprises in a range of from 5% to 50% of polymerized acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups in the B-block and in a range of from 0% to 5% of polymerized acetoacetyl amine monomers having acetoacetyl amine functional groups in the linear A-block, or the C-block when present, percentage based on the total weight of the linear block copolymer.
15 . The process of claim 10 , wherein said B-block monomers further comprises monomers having functional groups selected from one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more acyclic amide groups, one or more cyclic amide groups, one or more quaternary ammonium groups, or a combination thereof.
16 . The process of claim of 10 , wherein said catalytic chain transfer agent is a cobalt(II) or cobalt(III) chain transfer agent.
17 . The process of claim 10 , wherein the linear block copolymer has a weight average molecular weight in a range of from 2,000-100,000.
18 . A pigment dispersion comprising the linear block copolymer produced by the process of claim 10 .
19 . A coating composition comprising the pigment dispersion of claim 18 .