Channel state information feedback
In an embodiment, state of a wireless channel on which information is received is measured; the measured state is used to select from a codebook a plurality of N codewords which optimize a predefined measure, and first and second codewords of the plurality are reported which best optimizes and next-best optimizes the predefined measure. If by example the above is done by a user equipment UE, in another embodiment the network receives first and second indications, searches a codebook using the first and second indications to find the first and second codewords; and utilizes them to improve the channel state information, such as by interpolating between them to find an estimate of the channel. In examples the channel is a MIMO channel that is estimated at two or more antenna ports, there are interpolation weights sent with the codeword indications, and the interpolating uses a geodesic algorithm.
1. A method comprising:
measuring a state of a wireless channel on which information is received;
using the measured state to select from a codebook a plurality of N codewords which optimize a predefined measure, wherein N is an integer greater than one;
reporting a first codeword of the N codewords which best optimizes the predefined measure; and
reporting a second codeword of the N codewords that next-best optimizes the predefined measure after the first codeword,
wherein a best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword represents a better optimization of the predefined measure than both the first codeword and the second codeword.
2. The method according to claim 1 , in which reporting the first codeword and reporting the second codeword comprises one of transmitting in an uplink report an indication of the first codeword and an indication of the second codeword, and transmitting an indication of the first codeword in a first uplink report and transmitting an indication of the second codeword in a second uplink report different from the first uplink report.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising including in the report with at least one of the first and second codewords at least one bit that distinguishes the codeword which best optimizes from the codeword which next best optimizes.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising reporting at least one parameter which describes the best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword.
5. The method according to claim 4 , in which each of the at least one parameter comprises a value for channel quality information or an index for a modulation and coding scheme.
6. The method according to claim 1 , the method further comprising storing in a memory indications of the selected plurality of N codewords with associated rank-order information representing relative optimization of the predefined measure;
in which:
the method is executed by a user equipment;
the channel comprises a wireless multiple-input/multiple-output MIMO channel; and
measuring the state of the wireless channel comprises receiving a reference signal at a receiver of the user equipment and estimating the wireless channel to each of at least two antenna ports of one or more cells.
7. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory including computer program code and a codebook;
the at least one memory and the computer program code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to perform:
measuring a state of a wireless channel on which information is received;
using the measured state to select from a codebook a plurality of N codewords which optimize a predefined measure, wherein N is an integer greater than one;
reporting a first codeword of the N codewords which best optimizes the predefined measure; and
reporting a second codeword of the N codewords that next-best optimizes the predefined measure after the first codeword, wherein a best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword represents a better optimization of the predefined measure than both the first codeword and the second codeword.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , in which the first codeword which best optimizes the predefined measure is the codeword which best matches the measured state.
9. The apparatus according to claim 7 , in which reporting the first codeword and reporting the second codeword comprises one of transmitting in an uplink report an indication of the first codeword and an indication of the second codeword, and transmitting an indication of the first codeword in a first uplink report and transmitting an indication of the second codeword in a second uplink report different from the first uplink report.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 , in which the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to further perform:
transmitting with at least one of the first and second codewords at least one bit that distinguishes the codeword which best optimizes from the codeword which next best optimizes.
11. The apparatus according to claim 7 , in which the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to further perform:
reporting at least one parameter which describes the best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 , in which each of the at least one parameter comprises a value for channel quality information or an index for a modulation and coding scheme.
13. The apparatus according to claim 7 , in which the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to further perform:
storing in the at least one memory indications of the selected plurality of N codewords with associated rank-order information representing relative optimization of the predefined measure;
in which:
the apparatus comprises a user equipment;
the channel comprises a wireless multiple-input/multiple-output MIMO channel; and
measuring the state of the wireless channel comprises receiving a reference signal at a receiver of the user equipment and estimating the wireless channel to each of at least two antenna ports of one or more cells.
14. A method comprising:
receiving from a user equipment a first indication of a first codeword and a second indication of a second codeword;
searching a codebook using the first indication and the second indication to find the first codeword and the second codeword; and
utilizing the first codeword and the second codeword to improve channel state information,
wherein the first codeword best optimizes a predefined measure and the second codeword next-best optimizes the predefined measure after the first codeword, and wherein a best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword represents a better optimization of the predefined measure than both the first codeword and the second codeword.
15. The method according to claim 14 , in which utilizing the first codeword and the second codeword to improve the channel state information comprises interpolating between the first codeword and the second codeword to find an estimate of a channel and adjusting at least one of transmit power, transmit precoding matrix, and pairing of user equipments for a next transmission on the channel to the user equipment based on the estimate.
16. The method according to claim 14 , in which the first indication and the second indication are received in a first uplink report, or the first indication is received in a first uplink report and the second indication is received in a second uplink report different from the first uplink report.
17. The method according to claim 16 , in which at least one of the first uplink report and the second uplink report comprises at least one bit which is used in the method to distinguish which of the first indication and the second indication are for the first codeword which best optimizes the predefined measure.
18. The method according to claim 14 , in which utilizing the first codeword and the second codeword to improve the channel state information comprises interpolating between the first codeword and the second codeword to find an estimate of a channel using at least one parameter received from the user equipment which describes the best interpolation between the first codeword and the second codeword.
19. The method according to claim 18 , in which each of the at least one parameter comprises a value for channel quality information or an index for a modulation and coding scheme.
20. The method according to claim 14 , in which:
the method is executed by an access node of a wireless communication system;
the channel comprises a wireless multiple-input/multiple-output MIMO channel between the access node and the user equipment; and
utilizing the first codeword and the second codeword to improve the channel state information comprises interpolating between the first codeword and the second codeword to find an estimate of a channel using a geodesic algorithm stored in a memory of the access node in which singular value decompositions define missing constants of the geodesic algorithm.