System, method and apparatus for pattern clean-up during fabrication of patterned media using forced assembly of molecules
A pattern clean-up for fabrication of patterned media using a forced assembly of molecules is disclosed. E-beam lithography is initially used to write the initial patterned bit media structures, which have size and positioning errors. Nano-sized protein molecules are then forced to assemble of on top of the bits. The protein molecules have a very uniform size distribution and assemble into a lattice structure above the e-beam patterned areas. The protein molecules reduce the size and position errors in e-beam patterned structures. This process cleans the signal from the e-beam lithography and lowers the noise in the magnetic reading and writing. This process may be used to fabricate patterned bit media directly on hard disk, or to create a nano-imprint master for mass production of patterned bit media disks.
1. A method of forming a pattern, comprising:
(a) providing a substrate with resist;
(b) exposing and developing the resist on the substrate;
(c) depositing a metal on the developed resist and substrate;
(d) removing the resist and metal on the resist from the substrate such that metal features remain on the substrate;
(e) attaching nano-sized particles to the metal features;
(f) using the nano-sized particles as a mask to protect selected portions of the substrate while exposed portions of the substrate are etched; and
(g) removing the nano-sized particles and the metal features from the etched substrate to form a topographically patterned substrate.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises forming holes in the resist, and step (c) comprises directionally evaporating the metal on the developed resist and substrate to form a coating thereon.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises a lift off metallization process to strip the resist and metal on the resist from the substrate such that the metal features remain on the substrate.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal features are at or beyond a resolution of a lithography tool used to form the metal features such that the metal features have irregular shapes and are not symmetrically arrayed.
5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized particles are protein molecules that assemble into a lattice structure above the metal features in step (e), such that the protein molecules reduce size and position errors in the patterned media.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (e) comprises attaching a chaperonin molecule to each of the metal features, and step (f) comprises reactive ion etching (RIE) the substrate.
7. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising removing the nano-sized particles and the metal features from the substrate to form the topographically patterned substrate.
8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (e) further comprises agitating the nano-sized particles to facilitate self-assembly onto the metal features.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (e) further comprises bonding the nano-sized particles to the metal features.
10. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized particles are magnetic biological agents, and step (e) comprises using magnetic fields to facilitate self-assembly onto the metal features.
11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein step (e) comprises facilitating self-assembly of the nano-sized particles onto the metal features.
12. A method according to claim 1 , wherein nano-sized particles comprise chaperonin, and step (e) comprises using a monolayer of alkanethiols to facilitate self-assembly of the nano-sized particles onto the metal features.
13. A method of fabricating a patterned device, comprising:
(a) providing a substrate with e-beam resist;
(b) exposing and developing the e-beam resist on the substrate;
(c) depositing a noble metal on the developed e-beam resist and substrate;
(d) removing the e-beam resist and noble metal on the e-beam resist from the substrate such that noble metal features remain on the substrate;
(e) attaching molecules to the noble metal features;
(f) using the molecules as a mask to protect selected portions of the substrate while exposed portions of the substrate are etched; and
(g) removing the molecules and the noble metal features from the etched substrate to form a topographically patterned substrate.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein step (b) comprises forming holes in the resist, and step (c) comprises directionally evaporating the noble metal on the developed e-beam resist and substrate to form a coating thereon.
15. A method according to claim 13 , wherein step (d) comprises a lift off metallization process to strip the e-beam resist and noble metal on the e-beam resist from the substrate such that noble metal features remain on the substrate.
16. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the molecules are protein molecules having a uniform size distribution that assemble into a lattice structure above the noble metal features in step (e), such that the protein molecules reduce size and position errors in the patterned media.
17. A method according to claim 13 , wherein step (e) comprises attaching a chaperonin molecule to each of the noble metal features, and step (f) comprises reactive ion etching (RIE) the substrate.
18. A method according to claim 13 , further comprising removing the molecules and the noble metal features from the substrate to form the topographically patterned substrate.
19. A method according to claim 13 , wherein step (e) further comprises agitating the molecules to facilitate self-assembly onto the noble metal features.
20. A method according to claim 13 , wherein step (e) further comprises bonding the molecules to the noble metal features.
21. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the molecules are magnetic biological agents, and step (e) comprises using magnetic fields to facilitate self-assembly onto the noble metal features.
22. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the molecules comprise chaperonin, and step (e) comprises using a monolayer of alkanethiols to facilitate self-assembly of the molecules onto the noble metal features.