Method of fracturing using alkaliphile derived enzyme breaker
Methods and compositions of fracturing formations are provided. The fracturing fluid includes an enzyme breaker that decreases the viscosity of the fracturing fluid over time. The enzyme breaker can be used in environments having a pH value ranging from about 7 to about 12.
1. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation that surrounds a well bore, the method comprising the steps of:
a. combining an aqueous fluid, a hydratable polymer, a crosslinking agent, and an alkaliphile derived enzyme breaker selected from the group consisting of glycoside hydrolase family 5, glycoside hydrolase family 26 and mixtures thereof to produce a crosslinked polymer fluid;
b. injecting the crosslinked polymer gel into the well bore and into contact with the formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the surrounding subterranean formation; and
c. allowing the enzyme breaker to degrade the crosslinked polymer gel so that it can be removed from the subterranean formation, the enzyme breaker being catalytically active and temperature stable in a temperature range of about 60° F. to about 225° F. and in a pH range of about 7 to about 12.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 5.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from the group consisting of endoglucanase, beta-mannanase, exo-1,3-glucanase, endo-1,6-glucanase, xylanase, endoglycoceramidase.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 5, subfamily 8.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 26.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 5 and is derived from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 gene.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker has a maximum catalytic activity in a pH range of about 10.5 to about 11.5.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydratable polymer has repeating units of mannose linked by β-(1,4) mannosidic linkages.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydratable polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar, guar derivatives, cellulose derivatives, water soluble biopolymers, or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is stored at or below refrigeration temperature prior to being combined with the aqueous fluid, hydratable polymer and crosslinking agent.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme breaker is frozen and optionally mixed with a winterizing agent and then thawed prior to being combined with the aqueous fluid, hydratable polymer and crosslinking agent.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein, prior to combining the enzyme breaker with the aqueous fluid, hydratable polymer and crosslinking agent:
(a) the alkaliphile from which the enzyme of the enzyme breaker is derived is frozen and optionally mixed with a winterizing agent;
(b) the product of step (a) is thawed; and
(c) the enzyme breaker is derived from the alkaliphile.
13. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation penetrated by a well bore, the method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a crosslinked polymer gel comprising an aqueous fluid, a hydratable polymer, a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking the hydratable polymer, and an enzyme breaker comprising an alkaliphile derived enzyme breaker selected from the group consisting of glycoside hydrolase family 5, glycoside hydrolase family 26 and mixtures thereof to produce a crosslinked polymer fluid;
b. injecting the crosslinked polymer gel into the well bore and into contact with the formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the surrounding subterranean formation; and
c. allowing the enzyme breaker to degrade the crosslinked polymer gel so that it can be removed from the subterranean formation, the enzyme breaker being catalytically active and temperature stable in a temperature range of about 60° F. to about 225° F.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the hydratable polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar, guar derivatives, cellulose derivatives, water soluble biopolymers, or combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the alkaliphile derived enzyme breaker is catalytically active in a pH range of about 8 to about 14.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the enzyme breaker has a maximum catalytic activity in a pH range of about 10.5 to about 11.5.
17. A fracturing fluid composition comprising:
a. an aqueous fluid;
b. a hydratable polymer;
c. a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking the hydratable polymer; and
d. an enzyme breaker comprising an alkaliphile derived enzyme breaker selected from the group consisting of glycoside hydrolase family 5, glycoside hydrolase family 26 and mixtures thereof to produce a crosslinked polymer fluid, the enzyme breaker being catalytically active and temperature stable in a temperature range of about 60° F. to about 225° F. and in a pH range of about 7 to about 12.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the enzyme breaker is derived from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 gene.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the hydratable polymer has repeating units of mannose linked by β-(1,4) mannosidic linkages.
20. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 5.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 5, subfamily 8.
22. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the enzyme breaker is selected from glycoside hydrolase family 26.