PREPARING DRY TONER PARTICLES FOR METALLIC EFFECT
Metallic dry toner particles are prepared by dry blending resin particles with non-conductive metal oxide particles to form a dry blend. This dry blend is melt extruded under low shear conditions to form an extruded composition that is broken up into metallic dry toner particles. Each metallic dry toner particle consists essentially of a polymeric binder phase formed from the resin particles, and the non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed within the polymeric binder phase. The metallic dry toner particles have a mean volume weighted diameter (D vol ) before fixing of 15 μm to 40 μm, and the non-conductive metal oxide particles are present in an amount of 20 to 50 weight %. The ratio of the metallic dry toner particle D vol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the metallic dry toner particles is greater than 0.1 and to 10.
1 . A method for preparing metallic dry toner particles that provide a metallic effect, the method comprising:
dry blending resin particles with non-conductive metal oxide particles, and optionally one or more of a charge control agent, wax, lubricant, fuser release aid, or colorant to form a dry blend,
melt extruding the dry blend under low shear conditions in an extrusion device to form an extruded composition, at a temperature of at least 120° C. and up to and including 240° C. and a melt viscosity of at least 150 pascals sec and up to and including 1200 pascals sec,
orienting the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the same direction in the extruded composition as the extruded composition exits the extrusion device by extending the extruded composition as it exits the extrusion device to orient the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the same direction of extrusion so that the extruded composition stays intact before the breaking it into metallic dry toner particles, and
breaking up the extruded composition into metallic dry toner particles, each metallic dry toner particle consisting essentially of a polymeric binder phase formed from the resin particles, and the non-conductive metal oxide particles dispersed within the polymeric binder phase,
wherein:
(a) each the metallic dry toner particle has a mean volume weighted diameter (D vol ) before fixing of at least 15 μm and up to and including 40 μm,
(b) the non-conductive metal oxide particles comprise silica, alumina, or mica, have an aspect ratio of at least 5, have an ECD of at least 2 μm and up to and including 50 μm, and are present in each metallic dry toner particle in an amount of at least 20 weight % and up to and including 50 weight %, based on total metallic dry toner particle weight, and
(c) the ratio of the metallic dry toner particle D vol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the metallic dry toner particles, before fixing, is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 10.
2 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
providing hydrophobic flow additive particles having an equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of at least 5 nm on an outer surface of the metallic dry toner particles.
3 . The method of claim 2 comprising:
providing hydrophobic silica particles as flow additive particles on the outer surface of the metallic dry toner particles in an amount of at least 0.01 weight % and up to and including 10 weight %, based on the total metallic dry toner weight.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrophobic flow additive particles comprise a metal oxide.
5 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
mixing the metallic dry toner particles with carrier particles to form a two-component dry developer.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
preparing the metallic dry toner particles in a one-component dry developer.
7 . (canceled)
8 . (canceled)
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-conductive metal oxide particles comprise mica particles.
10 . The method of claim 1 comprising, dry blending polymeric resin particles with non-conductive mica pigments and a charge control agent, and optionally with a wax, lubricant, or colorant, or any combination of these three optional components, to form a dry blend.
11 . The method of claim 1 , comprising breaking up the extruded composition into metallic dry toner particles having a D vol of at least 20 μm and up to and including 30 μm.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-conductive metal oxide particles comprise, at least partially on their outer surface, a coating comprising an oxide of iron, chromium, silicon, titanium, or aluminum having an average dry coating thickness of at least 50 nm and up to and including 2,000 nm.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-conductive metal oxide particles comprise at least two successive dry coatings wherein each successive dry coating comprises a different metal oxide selected from the group consisting of an oxide of iron, chromium, silicon, titanium, and aluminum, and each successive dry coating has an average dry coating thickness of at least 50 nm and up to and including 1,000 nm, and the total average dry thickness of all metal oxide coatings is at least 100 nm and up to and including 2,000 nm.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the successive dry coating directly on the non-conductive metal oxide particles is a coating of an oxide of titanium.
15 . (canceled)
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metallic dry toner particles further comprise a colorant.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the metallic dry toner particle D vol to the average equivalent circular diameter (ECD) of the non-conductive metal oxide particles in the metallic dry toner particles, before thermal fusing, is greater than 0.1 and up to and including 5.
18 . (canceled)
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the resin particles comprise a polyester or vinyl polymer derived at least partially from styrene or a styrene derivative.