SEED LAYER FOR ZnO AND DOPED-ZnO THIN FILM NUCLEATION AND METHODS OF SEED LAYER DEPOSITION
Zinc oxide layer, including pure zinc oxide and doped zinc oxide, can be deposited with preferred crystal orientation and improved electrical conductivity by employing a seed layer comprising a metallic element. By selecting metallic elements that can easily crystallized at low temperature on glass substrates, together with possessing preferred crystal orientations and sizes, zinc oxide layer with preferred crystal orientation and large grain size can be formed, leading to potential optimization of transparent conductive oxide layer stacks.
1 . A method for forming an article comprising:
providing a transparent substrate;
forming a first layer on the transparent substrate, wherein the first layer comprises a metal having a hexagonal dose packing (hcp) or face center cubic (fcc) (111) structure;
forming a second layer on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide;
forming a third layer on the second layer, wherein the third payer comprises silver;
wherein at least a portion of the first layer is converted to a metal oxide during or after forming the second layer.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the transparent substrate comprises a glass substrate.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein the second layer is formed in-situ on the first layer without exposing to ambient environment.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein second layer comprises (002) crystal orientation.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the first layer is formed at a temperature less than 100 C.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the first layer comprises a metal layer.
7 . The method of claim 6 wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, and rare earth metals.
8 . The method of claim 1 wherein the thickness of the first layer is less than 10 nm.
9 . The method of claim 1 wherein the thickness of the second layer is less than 100 nm.
10 . The method of claim 1 further comprising
annealing in an oxygen-containing ambient after forming the second layer.
11 . The method of claim 1 further comprising
forming a photovoltaic device on the substrate.
12 . The method of claim 1 further comprising
forming a LED device on the substrate.
13 . The method of claim 1 further comprising
forming a LCD display on the substrate.
14 . The method of claim 1 further comprising
forming an electrochromic layer on the substrate.
15 . A method for forming a coated article comprising:
providing a transparent substrate;
forming a first layer on the transparent substrate at a temperature less than 100 C, wherein the first layer comprises a metal having a thickness less than 10 nm;
forming a second layer on the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises zinc oxide or doped zinc oxide;
forming a third layer on the second layer, wherein the third layer comprises silver;
wherein at least a portion of the first layer is converted to a metal oxide during or after forming the second layer.
16 . The method of claim 15 wherein the second layer is formed in-situ on the first layer without exposing to ambient environment.
17 . The method of claim 15 wherein second layer comprises (002) crystal orientation.
18 . The method of claim 15 wherein the first layer comprises a metal layer.
19 . The method of claim 18 wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, and rare earth metals.
20 . The method of claim 15 further comprising
annealing in an oxygen-containing ambient after forming the second layer.