BOLT ACTION MUZZLE LOADING FIREARM
A muzzle loading firearm includes a barrel, a receiver, and a breech plug located at the breech end of the barrel. An insert integral with or attached to the breech plug provides sealing engagement against an opening in a cartridge case. The breech plug and insert together define a bore to allow a flame from an ignited primer on a cartridge casing to travel to a projectile propellant at the breech end of the barrel. A bolt without conventional lugs is movable within the receiver between an open position and a closed position. A pin extends through the receiver engaging a camming groove in the bolt to guide and lock the bolt against a primer end of an ignition casing. The camming groove and metal pin are configured to compress a face of the ignition cartridge against the breech plug when the bolt is in the closed position.
1 . A muzzle loading, bolt action firearm with a receiver and a barrel into which a propellant and bullet is introduced through the muzzle, which comprises:
(a) a bolt assembly with a cylindrical bolt body defining a longitudinal axis, with a cross-sectional diameter along the axis from a distal end to a proximal end, with a face at the proximal end adapted for engaging a head of a primed cartridge case, with a longitudinal slot along a surface of the body adapted to engage a guide pin on the receiver, and with a spring loaded firing pin adapted to selectively engage the primer on the cartridge casing when released by a sear activated by a trigger on the firearm; and
(b) a handle mounted on the bolt body adapted to longitudinally slide the body along a mating cylindrical opening in the receiver, wherein the slot with the guide pin is adapted to guide the bolt body in the receiver to move the bolt along the axis until the face engages the head of the cartridge casing and to rotate the body on the axis into a locked position in the receiver, and wherein when the bolt body is rotated by the arm in the receiver the bolt face is configured to press an inside of the casing opposite the primer against a member with an opening into the barrel for igniting the propellant.
2 . The firearm of claim 1 wherein the slot is rectangular in cross-section.
3 . The firearm of claim 1 wherein the slot is angled adjacent the handle towards the face of the bolt and the pin on the receiver is positioned to mate with the slot.
4 . The firearm of claim 1 wherein the bolt has a substantially constant cross-sectional shape at different locations along the length of the bolt at a section adjacent the face of the bolt.
5 . The firearm of claim 1 wherein the bolt has an area of milled off lugs adjacent the face of the bolt.
6 . The firearm of claim 1 wherein the pin is hardened steel.
7 . A bolt and receiver assembly adapted for a muzzle loading, bolt action firearm with a barrel mounted on the receiver into which a propellant and bullet is introduced through the muzzle, which comprises:
(a) a bolt assembly with a cylindrical bolt body defining a longitudinal axis, with a cross-sectional diameter along the axis from a distal end to a proximal end, with a face at the proximal end adapted for engaging a head of a primed cartridge casing, with a longitudinal slot along a surface of the body adapted to engage a guide pin on the receiver, and with a spring loaded firing pin adapted to selectively engage the primer on the cartridge casing when released by a sear activated by a trigger on the firearm; and
(b) a handle mounted on the bolt body adapted to longitudinally slide the body along a mating cylindrical opening in the receiver, wherein the slot with the guide pin is adapted to guide the bolt body in the receiver to move the bolt along the axis until the face engages the head of the cartridge casing and to rotate the body on the axis into a locked position in the receiver and wherein when the bolt body is rotated by the arm in the receiver the bolt face is configured to press an inside of the casing opposite the primer against a member with an opening into the barrel for igniting the propellant.
8 . The bolt and receiver assembly of claim 7 wherein the slot is rectangular in cross-section.
9 . The bolt and receiver assembly of claim 7 wherein the slot is angled adjacent the handle towards the face of the bolt and the pin on the receiver is positioned to mate with the slot.
10 . The bolt and receiver assembly of claim 7 wherein the bolt has a substantially constant cross-sectional shape at different locations along the length of the bolt at a section adjacent the face of the bolt.
11 . The bolt and receiver assembly of claim 7 , wherein the bolt has an area of milled off lugs adjacent the face of the bolt.
12 . The bolt and receiver assembly of claim 7 wherein the pin is hardened steel.
13 . A bolt assembly adapted for a muzzle loading, bolt action firearm with a receiver and a barrel into which a propellant and bullet is introduced through the muzzle, which comprises:
(a) a cylindrical bolt body defining a longitudinal axis, with a cross-sectional diameter along the axis from a distal end to a proximal end, with a face at the proximal end adapted for engaging a head of a primed cartridge casing, with a longitudinal slot along a surface of the body adapted to engage a guide pin on the receiver, and with a spring loaded firing pin adapted to selectively engage the primer on the cartridge casing when released by a sear activated by a trigger on the firearm; and
(b) a handle mounted on the bolt body adapted to longitudinally slide the body along a mating cylindrical opening in the receiver, wherein the slot with the guide pin is adapted to guide the bolt body in the receiver to move the bolt along the axis until the face engages the head of the cartridge casing and to rotate the body on the axis into a locked position in the receiver, and wherein when the bolt body is rotated by the arm in the receiver the bolt face is configured to press an inside of the casing opposite the primer against a member with an opening into the barrel for igniting the propellant.
14 . The bolt assembly of claim 13 wherein the slot is rectangular in cross-section.
15 . The bolt assembly of claim 13 wherein the slot is angled adjacent the handle towards the face of the bolt and the pin on the receiver is positioned to mate with the slot.
16 . The bolt assembly of claim 13 wherein the bolt has a substantially constant cross-sectional shape at different locations along the length of the bolt at a section adjacent the face of the bolt.
17 . The bolt assembly of claim 13 wherein the bolt has an area of milled off lugs adjacent the face of the bolt.
18 . The bolt assembly of claim 13 wherein the pin is hardened steel.
19 . A muzzle loading, bolt action firearm having a firing pin mechanism, comprising:
a barrel having a breech end and a center bore along a longitudinal axis;
a receiver mounted on the breech end of the barrel;
a breech plug with an orifice along the axis located at the breech end of the barrel with an opening for a cartridge casing;
an insert integral with or attached to the breech plug for sealingly engaging against a primer opening of a cartridge case, the breech plug defining a bore to allow a flame from an ignited primer to travel to a projectile propellant at the breech end of the barrel;
a substantially cylindrical bolt aligned with the longitudinal axis without radially projecting lugs, that is recipricatable and partially rotatable within the receiver between an open position in which the breech end of the barrel is accessible for loading or removing the cartridge casing and a closed position in which an end of the bolt can compressibly engage against the casing adjacent the primer cartridge, the bolt having a camming groove with a first section that extends longitudinally parallel to the axis and a second section that extends at an angle from a rearward end of the first section; and
a pin that extends through a wall of the receiver and engages the caroming groove to guide the bolt and lock the bolt against the primer at the face end of the ignition casing when it is loaded into the receiver, the camming groove and the metal pin configured to compress the face end of the ignition casing against the breech plug when the bolt is rotated into the closed position.
20 . The muzzle loading firearm of claim 19 , wherein the pin is threaded to facilitate removal of the pin and from the receiver and for removal of the bolt from the receiver.
21 . The muzzle loading firearm of claim 19 , wherein the breech plug includes external threads and the breech end of the barrel includes internal threads engagable with the external threads of the breech plug.