High rate and energy cathode material for lithium batteries
A cathode material suitable for use in non-aqueous electrochemical cells that includes copper manganese vanadium oxide and, optionally, fluorinated carbon. A non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising such a cathode material, and a non-aqueous electrochemical cell that additionally includes a lithium anode.
1. A non aqueous electrochemical cell comprising:
an anode;
an electrolyte; and
a cathode comprising CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 and fluorinated carbon.
2. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cathode material is CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 .nH 2 O,
wherein:
nH 2 O represents the surface water, the structural water, or both present in CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 .
3. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 has an average density of about 4 g/cm 3 to about 6 g/cm 3 .
4. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 has a surface area of about 25 m 2 /g to about 125 m 2 /g.
5. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated carbon is represented by the formula (CF x ) n , wherein
x is from about 0.1 to about 1.9, and
n is from about 1 to about 5.
6. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated carbon is a mixture of fluorinated carbons having the formulae (CF x1 ) n and (CF x2 ) m , wherein
x1 is from about 0.8 to about 1.2,
x2 is from about 0.4 to about 0.8, and
n and m are each from about 1 to about 5.
7. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 6 , wherein the ratio of (CF x1 ) n to (CF x2 ) m is from about 1:5 to about 5:1.
8. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of fluorinated carbon by weight in the cathode is between 1% to about 99%, and the concentration of CuMn 0.6 V 0.1 O 2.7 by weight in the cathode is between 99% and 1%.
9. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises a Group IA metal, a Group IIA metal, or mixtures thereof.
10. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 9 , wherein the anode comprises one selected from the group consisting of lithium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, lithium-magnesium, lithium-aluminum, lithium-aluminum-magnesium, lithium-silicon, lithium-boron, and lithium-silicon-boron.
11. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises:
an ionizable alkali metal salt; and
an aprotic organic solvent or mixture of solvents.
12. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 11 , wherein the aprotic organic solvent or mixture of solvents is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate; diethyl carbonate; 1,2-dimethoxyethane; tetrahydrofuran; methyl acetate; diglyme; triglyme; tetraglyme; high permittivity solvents; and mixtures thereof.
13. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 11 , wherein the ionizable alkali metal salt in the electrolyte is present in a range from about 0.5M to about 2.5M.
14. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 1 , further comprising a separator.
15. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein the separator has a thickness in the range of about 15 microns to about 75 microns.
16. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein the separator is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene; polyethylene; polyamide; polysulfone; polyvinyl chloride; and mixtures thereof.
17. The non aqueous electrochemical cell according to claim 14 , wherein the separator is a fabric woven from fluoropolymeric fibers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidine fluoride; polyvinylidine fluoride-cohydrofluorpropylene; tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer; chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethyl ene copolymer, and combinations thereof.