Robotic arm for patient positioning assembly

1. An apparatus comprising:

a patient treatment couch; and

a robotic arm coupled to the patient treatment couch, the robotic arm configured to move the patient treatment couch along five rotational degrees of freedom and one substantially vertical, linear degree of freedom,

wherein the robotic arm comprises:

a wrist assembly rotatably mounted to a mounting plate;

an elbow assembly coupled to the wrist assembly;

a shoulder assembly coupled to the elbow assembly;

a track mount assembly coupled to the shoulder assembly of the robotic arm; and

a track coupled to the track mount assembly,

wherein the wrist assembly comprises:

a tool-yaw joint coupled to the mounting plate;

a tool-pitch joint coupled to the tool-yaw joint; and

a tool-roll joint coupled to the tool-pitch joint,

wherein the tool-yaw joint is coupled to rotate the patient treatment couch along a z-axis, wherein the tool-pitch joint is coupled to rotate the patient treatment couch along a y-axis, and wherein the tool-roll joint is coupled to rotate the patient treatment couch along a x-axis,

wherein the elbow assembly comprises:

a first drive shaft coupled to the tool-yaw joint;

a first motor coupled to the first drive shaft, the first motor configured to drive rotational movement of the tool-yaw joint of the robotic arm in a first rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm;

a second drive shaft coupled to the tool-pitch joint;

a second motor coupled to the second drive shaft, the second motor configured to drive rotational movement of the tool-pitch joint of the robotic arm in a second rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm;

a third drive shaft coupled to the tool-roll joint; and

a third motor coupled to the third drive shaft, the third motor configured to drive rotational movement of the tool-roll joint of the robotic arm in a third rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the patient treatment couch is made of radiolucent material.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a tilt sensor coupled to the patient treatment couch and an accelerometer.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a mounting plate coupled to the robotic arm and the patient treatment couch at an off-center position.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a dampener having dampening material coupled to the mounting plate and the patient treatment couch.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the five degrees of freedom comprise:

two rotational axes for translational movements of the patient treatment couch along mutually orthogonal horizontal coordinate x- and y-axes; and

three rotational axes for roll-, pitch-, and yaw-rotational movements about the x-axis, the y-axis, and a z-axis, respectively.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the one substantially vertical, linear degree of freedom comprises a substantial linear axis for translational movements of the patient treatment couch along a substantially vertical line in the z-axis substantially perpendicular to the horizontal coordinate x- and y-axes.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

an elbow joint coupled to the elbow assembly and the shoulder assembly, wherein the elbow joint comprises an elbow gearbox configured to drive rotational movement of elbow assembly of the robotic arm in a fourth rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm; and

a shoulder joint coupled to the shoulder assembly and the track mount assembly, wherein the shoulder joint comprises a shoulder gearbox configured to drive rotational movement of the robotic arm in a fifth rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the track is vertically oriented.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the track is coupled to a vertical side of a column.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the robotic arm is configured to move the patient treatment couch along an additional degree of freedom.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the five degrees of freedom and the additional degree of freedom comprise:

three rotational axes for translations along mutually orthogonal x-, y-, and z-coordinate axes; and

three rotational axes for roll-, pitch-, and yaw-rotations about x-, y-, and z-axes, respectively.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the one substantially vertical, linear degree of freedom comprises a substantial linear axis for translational movement of the patient treatment couch along a substantially vertical line in the z-axis substantially perpendicular to horizontal x- and y-axes.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 , further comprising:

a plate member rotatably mounted on the track mount assembly and the shoulder assembly;

a first shoulder joint coupled to the shoulder assembly and the plate member, wherein the first shoulder joint comprises a first shoulder gearbox configured to drive a fifth rotational axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm; and

a second shoulder joint coupled to the plate member and the track mount assembly, wherein the second shoulder joint comprises a second shoulder gearbox configured to drive an sixth rotation axis of the five degrees of freedom of the robotic arm.