Electoactive polymer actuator
An actuator comprises an electroactive polymer layer ( 402 ) and stretchable electrode structures ( 410, 411 ) that are disposed on each side of the electroactive polymer layer ( 402 ). A softer passive layer ( 401 ) is secured to one of the stretchable electrode structures ( 410, 411 ). When compressed transversally by the stretchable electrode structures ( 410, 411 ), the electroactive polymer layer ( 402 ) will expand tangentially and the actuator will relax into a shape wherein the interior of the electroded region is substantially parallel to the plane of the device, while a substantial portion of the area increase is absorbed by out-of-plane bends arising at the electrode boundary (duck mode). The invention can be embodied as optically reflective or refractive devices with variable geometry.
1. An actuator extending in a first plane in a non-actuated state comprising:
an electroactive polymer layer,
stretchable electrode structures disposed on each side of the electroactive polymer layer, and
a passive layer secured to one of the stretchable electrode structures,
wherein the stretchable electrode structures have elastic moduli Y el,1 ,Y el,2 , in a corresponding tangential direction, that are less than or substantially equal to an elastic modulus Y EAP of the electroactive polymer layer in the corresponding tangential direction,
wherein the passive layer is elastically deformable by entrainment of the actuator, mechanically uniform in all tangential directions, and has an optically reflective external surface that is textured, is distinct from said electrode structures and is arranged on a textured pattern present in the passive layer, wherein at least one geometric property of the textured pattern is variable by deformation of the passive layer;
wherein a boundary having a first length of each of the stretchable electrode structures bend with an adjacent portion of the electroactive polymer layer in a sandwiched relation in a same first direction non-parallel to the first plane when the actuator is in an actuated state, and wherein a portion of each stretchable electrode structure in between the boundary of each stretchable electrode structure having a second length that is longer than the first length and is parallel to the first plane in an actuated state; and
wherein the electroactive polymer layer in between the boundary of each stretchable electrode structure has a first thickness in an unactuated state and a second thickness in the actuated state, wherein the second thickness is substantially the same as the first thickness.
2. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein the passive layer is secured directly to one of the stretchable electrode structures.
3. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein a thickness d p of the passive layer is greater than or substantially equal to a thickness d eap of the electroactive polymer layer.
4. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein a ratio Y p /Y EAp of an elastic modulus Y p of the passive layer in the corresponding tangential direction and the elastic modulus Y EAP of the electroactive polymer layer is at most 1.1.
5. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein the passive layer has an elastic modulus Y p in the corresponding tangential direction of at most 0.5 MPa.
6. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive polymer layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of acrylic, poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene], polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, and silicone.
7. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein the optically reflective surface is formed by at least one metallized polymer film secured to the passive layer.
8. The actuator of claim 1 , comprising an optically transparent portion, wherein at least one optical property of the passive layer is variable by deformation of the passive layer.
9. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein a thickness d p of the passive layer is between 10 μm and 5 mm.
10. The actuator of claim 1 , wherein the textured pattern is present in the passive layer when the actuator is in a non-actuated state.
11. The actuator of claim 7 , wherein the passive layer comprises an optically transparent portion that is delimited by a non-transparent portion, thereby defining a variable optical apodizer.
12. The actuator of claim 8 , wherein said at least one optical property is selected from the group consisting of: attenuation, location of cardinal points, focal length, polarization, and scattering.
13. The actuator of claim 7 , wherein the passive layer comprises an optically refractive pattern.