Embedded apparatus to monitor simulated brillouin scattering from Raman amplifier in fiber optics transmission system
The embedded apparatus disclosed herein may measure reflection coefficient values associated with back reflections in a fiber optics transmission system during a variable detection window to detect normal conditions, simulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), or excessive back reflections triggering remedial action. For example, the back reflections may indicate normal conditions if the reflection coefficients measured during an entire detection window remained below a threshold or a maximum reflection coefficient observed therein was below the threshold. Alternatively, the back reflections may trigger remedial action if the reflection coefficients measured in the entire detection window exceeded the threshold or a minimum reflection coefficient observed therein was above the threshold. Otherwise, the back reflections may indicate the SBS effect if the reflection coefficients measured during the detection window included points above and below the threshold or the minimum and maximum reflection coefficients observed therein were below and above the threshold.
1. An apparatus to monitor pump stability in a fiber optics transmission system, comprising:
an optical pump source configured to transmit a signal in the fiber optics transmission system;
an optical amplifier configured to receive the signal and to amplify the signal based thereon; and
a monitoring circuit configured to compare reflection coefficients associated with one or more back reflections from the fiber optics transmission system during a detection window to a threshold to determine whether the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) event undesirably caused by the optical pump source, a normal condition, or excessive back reflections that trigger at least one remedial action, wherein the detection window is a time period that is a value between 10 μs and 100 ms,
wherein the SBS event is detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during less than all of the detection window, and the excessive back reflections are detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during all of the detection window.
2. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith including at least one value above the threshold and at least one value below the threshold.
3. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith having a maximum value above the threshold and a minimum value below the threshold.
4. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the normal condition in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith remaining below the threshold during the entire detection window.
5. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the normal condition in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith having a maximum value below the threshold.
6. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the excessive back reflections in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith exceeding the threshold during the entire detection window.
7. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the excessive back reflections in response to the reflection coefficients associated therewith having a minimum value above the threshold.
8. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is further configured to:
increment an SBS counter that tracks how many SBS events have been observed in the fiber optics transmission system in response to the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicating the SBS event; and
record a time stamp associated with the indicated SBS event, wherein the SBS counter and the recorded time stamp associated with the SBS event can be stored and correlated with one or more metrics that indicate health or performance associated with at least one component in the fiber optics transmission system.
9. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the detection window has a variable duration that decreases in response to increases in a power level at which the optical pump source transmits the signal.
10. The apparatus recited in claim 1 , wherein the monitoring circuit is further configured to synchronize the detection window to a clock or start the detection window in response to detecting at least one back reflection having a reflection coefficient above the threshold.
11. A method to monitor pump stability in a fiber optics transmission system, comprising:
operating an optical pump source to transmit a signal in the fiber optics transmission system, wherein an optical amplifier receives the signal and amplifies based thereon;
measuring, at a monitoring circuit, reflection coefficients associated with one or more back reflections from the fiber optics transmission system during a detection window; and
comparing, at the monitoring circuit, the measured reflection coefficients associated with the one or more back reflections during the detection window to a threshold to determine whether the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) event undesirably caused by the optical pump source, a normal condition, or excessive back reflections that trigger at least one remedial action, wherein the detection window is a time period that is a value between 10 μs and 100 ms,
wherein the SBS event is detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during less than all of the detection window, and the excessive back reflections are detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during all of the detection window.
12. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein comparing the measured reflection coefficients to the threshold comprises:
determining that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window including at least one value above the threshold and at least one value below the threshold or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a maximum value above the threshold and a minimum value below the threshold.
13. The method recited in claim 12 , further comprising:
incrementing an SBS counter that tracks how many SBS events have been observed in the fiber optics transmission system in response to determining that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event; and
recording a time stamp associated with the indicated SBS event, wherein the SBS counter and the recorded time stamp associated with the SBS event can be stored and correlated with one or more metrics that indicate health or performance associated with at least one component in the fiber optics transmission system.
14. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein comparing the measured reflection coefficients to the threshold comprises:
determining that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the normal condition in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window remaining below the threshold during the entire detection window or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a maximum value below the threshold.
15. The method recited in claim 11 , wherein comparing the measured reflection coefficients to the threshold comprises:
determining that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the excessive back reflections in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window exceeding the threshold during the entire detection window or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a minimum value above the threshold.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions to monitor pump stability in a fiber optics transmission system recorded thereon, wherein executing the computer-executable instructions on a device causes the device to:
operate an optical pump source to transmit a signal to an optical amplifier in the fiber optics transmission system, wherein the optical amplifier receives the signal and amplifies based thereon;
measure reflection coefficients associated with one or more back reflections from the fiber optics transmission system during a detection window; and
compare the measured reflection coefficients associated with the one or more back reflections during the detection window to a threshold to determine whether the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) event undesirably caused by the optical pump source, a normal condition, or excessive back reflections that trigger at least one remedial action, wherein the detection window is a time period that is a value between 10 μs and 100 ms,
wherein the SBS event is detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during less than all of the detection window, and the excessive back reflections are detected based on the one or more reflection coefficients being above the threshold during all of the detection window.
17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 16 , wherein executing the computer-executable instructions on the device further causes the device to:
determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window including at least one value above the threshold and at least one value below the threshold or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a maximum value above the threshold and a minimum value below the threshold.
18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 17 , wherein executing the computer-executable instructions on the device further causes the device to:
increment an SBS counter that tracks how many SBS events have been observed in the fiber optics transmission system in response to determining that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the SBS event; and
record a time stamp associated with the indicated SBS event, wherein the SBS counter and the recorded time stamp associated with the SBS event can be stored and correlated with one or more metrics that indicate health or performance associated with at least one component in the fiber optics transmission system.
19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 16 , wherein executing the computer-executable instructions on the device further causes the device to:
determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the normal condition in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window remaining below the threshold during the entire detection window or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a maximum value below the threshold.
20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium recited in claim 16 , wherein executing the computer-executable instructions on the device further causes the device to:
determine that the one or more back reflections during the detection window indicate the excessive back reflections in response to one or more of the measured reflection coefficients in the detection window exceeding the threshold during the entire detection window or the reflection coefficients measured therein having a minimum value above the threshold.