Microemulsion and nanoemulsion breaker fluids with organic peroxides
Incorporating at least oil-soluble organic peroxide into a mixture of an aqueous phase and at least one surfactant creates a breaker fluid that is a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion that can then perform as an internal breaker for reducing the viscosity of aqueous fluids gelled with a polymer, such as a crosslinked polysaccharide. One phase of the breaker fluid is water or water-based, e.g. brine, containing at least one oil-soluble organic peroxide as a non-aqueous internal phase that will, over time and optionally with heat, break the polymer-gelled portion of the gel. The overall breaking using the breaker fluid is slower as compared to introducing the organic peroxide breaker in a non-microemulsified or non-nanoemulsified form.
1. A gelled aqueous fluid comprising:
an aqueous base fluid,
a polymer in an amount effective to increase the viscosity of the aqueous fluid, and
a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions, the breaker fluid further comprising:
an aqueous phase,
a non-aqueous phase comprising at least one organic peroxide, where the amount of the at least one organic peroxide is effective to reduce the viscosity of the gelled aqueous fluid, and
at least one surfactant effective to form a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions with the aqueous phase and the non-aqueous phase;
where the volume ratio of aqueous phase to surfactant to non-aqueous phase in the breaker fluid is about 10 to about 80 vol % aqueous phase to about 1 to about 20 vol % surfactant to about 10 to about 90 vol % non-aqueous phase, and where the concentration of the at least one organic peroxide in the non-aqueous phase ranges from about 32 to about 100 weight %.
2. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 1 where the at least one organic peroxide is selected from the group consisting of cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, di-(2-t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, di-isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, di-cumylperoxide, 2,2-di-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-amyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.
3. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 1 where the gelled aqueous fluid is a fracturing fluid.
4. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 1 where the polymer is a crosslinked polysaccharide.
5. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 1 where the effective amount of the at least one organic peroxide ranges from about 1 to about 5 gptg (about 1 to about 5 lptl) based on the gelled aqueous fluid.
6. A gelled aqueous fluid comprising:
an aqueous base fluid,
a polymer in an amount effective to increase the viscosity of the aqueous fluid, and
a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions, the breaker fluid further comprising:
an external aqueous phase,
an internal non-aqueous phase comprising at least one organic peroxide, where the amount of the at least one organic peroxide is effective to reduce the viscosity of the gelled aqueous fluid, and
at least one surfactant effective to form a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions with the external aqueous phase and the internal non-aqueous phase;
where the volume ratio of aqueous phase to surfactant to non-aqueous phase in the breaker fluid is about 10 to about 80 vol % aqueous phase to about 1 to about 20 vol % surfactant to about 10 to about 90 vol % non-aqueous phase, and where the concentration of the at least one organic peroxide in the non-aqueous phase ranges from about 32 to about 100 weight %.
7. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 6 where the at least one organic peroxide is selected from the group consisting of cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, di-(2-t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, di-isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, di-cumylperoxide, 2,2-di-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-amyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.
8. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 6 where the gelled aqueous fluid is a fracturing fluid.
9. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 6 where the polymer is a crosslinked polysaccharide.
10. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 6 where the effective amount of the at least one organic peroxide ranges from about 1 to about 5 gptg (about 1 to about 5 lptl) based on the gelled aqueous fluid.
11. A gelled aqueous fluid comprising:
an aqueous base fluid,
a polymer in an amount effective to increase the viscosity of the aqueous fluid, and
a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions, the breaker fluid further comprising:
an external aqueous phase,
an internal non-aqueous phase comprising at least one organic peroxide, where the amount of the at least one organic peroxide is effective to reduce the viscosity of the gelled aqueous fluid, and
at least one surfactant effective to form a breaker fluid selected from the group consisting of microemulsions and nanoemulsions with the aqueous phase and the non-aqueous phase, and
the volume ratio of aqueous external phase to surfactant to non-aqueous internal phase in the breaker fluid is:
about 10 to about 80 vol % aqueous phase to
about 1 to about 20 vol % surfactant to
about 10 to about 90 vol % non-aqueous phase, and
where the concentration of the at least one organic peroxide in the non-aqueous phase ranges from about 32 to about 100 weight %.
12. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 11 where the at least one organic peroxide is selected from the group consisting of cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, di-(2-t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, di-isopropylbenzene monohydroperoxide, di-cumylperoxide, 2,2-di-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-amyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, and combinations thereof.
13. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 11 where the gelled aqueous fluid is a fracturing fluid.
14. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 11 where the polymer is a crosslinked polysaccharide.
15. The gelled aqueous fluid of claim 11 where the effective amount of the at least one organic peroxide ranges from about 1 to about 5 gptg (about 1 to about 5 lptl) based on the gelled aqueous fluid.