PARALLEL OPTICAL TRANSMITTER
An N-channel parallel optical transmitter includes a dual-facet continuous-wave laser, two or more optical splitters, and four or more optical modulators. One of the optical splitters has an input coupled to the first facet of the laser, and another has an input coupled to the second facet of the laser. The outputs of the splitters are coupled to the inputs of the optical modulators.
1 . A parallel optical transmitter, comprising:
a dual-facet continuous-wave laser having a first facet output and a second facet output;
a first optical splitter having an input coupled to the first facet output;
a second optical splitter having an input coupled to the second facet output;
a first optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a first output of the first optical splitter;
a second optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the first optical splitter;
a third optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a first output of the second optical splitter; and
a fourth optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the second optical splitter.
2 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the laser, first optical splitter, second optical splitter, and the first through fourth optical modulators are integrated on a monolithic semiconductor substrate and interconnected by optical waveguides on the substrate.
3 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the laser is substantially balanced.
4 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second optical splitters has a splitting ratio of 1-to-2.
5 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second optical splitters comprises a multimode interference coupler.
6 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first through fourth optical modulators comprises an electro-absorption modulator.
7 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein each of the first through fourth optical modulators comprises a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
8 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third optical splitter having an input coupled to a first output of the first optical splitter;
a fourth optical splitter having an input coupled to a second output of the first optical splitter;
a fifth optical splitter having an input coupled to a first output of the second optical splitter;
a sixth optical splitter having an input coupled to a second output of the second optical splitter;
a fifth optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the third optical splitter;
a sixth optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the fourth optical splitter;
a seventh optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the fifth optical splitter; and
an eighth optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to a second output of the sixth optical splitter;
wherein the optical input of the first optical modulator is coupled to a first output of the third optical splitter, the optical input of the second optical modulator is coupled to a first output of the fourth optical splitter, the optical input of the third optical modulator is coupled to a first output of the fifth optical splitter, and the optical input of the fourth optical modulator is coupled to a first output of the sixth optical splitter.
9 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 8 , wherein the laser, the first through fourth optical splitters, and the first through eighth optical modulators are integrated on a monolithic semiconductor substrate and interconnected by optical waveguides on the substrate.
10 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 8 , wherein the laser is substantially balanced.
11 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 8 , wherein each of the first through sixth optical splitters has a splitting ratio of 1-to-2.
12 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 8 , wherein each of the first through eighth optical modulators is an electro-absorption modulator.
13 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 8 , wherein each of the first through eighth optical modulators is a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
14 . A parallel optical transmitter having N channels, where N is a power of two greater than or equal to four, the parallel optical transmitter comprising:
a dual-facet continuous-wave laser having a first facet output and a second facet output;
N−2 optical splitters arranged in a binary tree configuration, each optical splitter having no more than one optical input and no more than two optical outputs and having a splitting ratio of 1-to-2, a first one of the N−2 optical splitters having an input coupled to the first facet output, a second one of the N−2 optical splitters having an input coupled to the second facet output; and
N optical modulators, each optical modulator having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to no more than one optical output of no more than one of the N−2 optical splitters.
15 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 14 , wherein the laser, the N optical modulators, and the N−2 optical splitters are integrated on a monolithic semiconductor substrate and interconnected by optical waveguides on the substrate.
16 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 14 , wherein the laser is substantially balanced.
17 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 14 , wherein each of the N optical modulators is an electro-absorption modulator.
18 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 14 , wherein each of the N optical modulators is a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
19 . A parallel optical transmitter having N channels, comprising:
a dual-facet continuous-wave laser having a first facet output and a second facet output;
a first optical splitter having an input coupled to the first facet output and having a splitting ratio of 1-to-N/2;
a second optical splitter having an input coupled to the second facet output and having a splitting ratio of 1-to-N/2;
a first group of exactly N/2 optical modulators, each having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to one of N/2 outputs of the first optical splitter; and
a second group of exactly N/2 optical modulators, each having an electrical input and having an optical input coupled to one of N/2 outputs of the second optical splitter.
20 . The parallel optical transmitter of claim 19 , wherein the laser is substantially balanced and wherein the laser, the first and second groups of optical modulators, and the first and second optical splitters are integrated on a monolithic semiconductor substrate and interconnected by optical waveguides on the substrate.