Method and apparatus for reducing the contribution of noise to digitally sampled signals
The contribution of noise to digitally sampled signals is reduced using a statistical processor and a slope limiter. The statistical processor determines an average value (mean and/or standard deviation) of the filtered signal which is used to determine a slope limit corresponding to an expected maximum first derivative value of a target signal frequency. This slope limit is applied to constrain the output of an analog to digital converter, to prevent the output of the analog to digital converter from exceeding this maximum rate of rise or fall. By constraining the output of the analog to digital converter, it is possible to digitally sample analog signals without first utilizing an anti-aliasing filter, since the post processing of the digitally sampled signals limits the contribution of the higher frequency components of the signal to thereby enable a fully digital sampling and filtering circuit to be provided for receiving signals.
1. Apparatus for reducing noise in digitally sampled signals, the apparatus comprising:
an analog to digital converter configured to sample an analog signal to create a digital representation of the analog signal without first passing the analog signal through an anti-aliasing filter; and
a bandwidth limiter coupled to an output of the analog to digital converter and configured to constrain a bandwidth of an output signal of the analog to digital converter by constraining an output signal of the analog to digital converter within a limit, the limit corresponding to a maximum first derivative value of a maximum frequency to be detected in the analog signal by the analog to digital converter.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the analog to digital converter is configured to sample the analog signal at a sampling frequency; and
the maximum frequency of the analog signal is at most half of the sampling frequency.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a receiver configured to receive a signal, an input of the analog to digital converter being coupled to the receiver so that the analog to digital converter samples the received signal.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a digital signal processor coupled to the bandwidth limiter, the digital signal processor being configured to digitally process an output signal of the bandwidth limiter.
5. Apparatus for reducing noise in digitally sampled signals, the apparatus comprising:
an analog to digital converter configured to sample an analog signal to create a digital representation of the analog signal without first passing the analog signal through an anti-aliasing filter; and
a bandwidth limiter coupled to an output of the analog to digital converter and configured to constrain a bandwidth of an output signal of the analog to digital converter;
wherein the bandwidth limiter is configured to compare the output signal of the analog to digital converter to a moving average calculated using a set of previous constrained output signal values.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the bandwidth limiter is configured to replace one of the previous constrained output signal values in the set with a current constrained output signal value.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth limiter is configured to cause the constrained output signal to be the same as the output of the analog to digital converter when the output from the analog to digital converter is less than a limit value higher than a previous output of the analog to digital converter.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth limiter is configured to cause a value of the constrained output signal to be equal to a previous constrained output signal value plus a limit value when the output from the analog to digital converter is more than the limit value higher than a previous output of the analog to digital converter.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bandwidth limiter is configured to cause a value of the constrained output signal to be equal to a previous constrained output signal value minus a limit value when the output from the analog to digital converter is less than the limit value lower than a previous output of the analog to digital converter.
10. Apparatus for reducing noise in digitally sampled signals, the apparatus comprising:
analog to digital converting means configured to sample an analog signal to create a digital representation of the analog signal without first passing the analog signal through an anti-aliasing filter; and
bandwidth limiting means coupled to an output of the analog to digital converting means and configured to constrain a bandwidth of an output signal of the analog to digital converting means;
wherein the bandwidth limiting means comprises a slope limiting means configured to constrain the output signal of the analog to digital converting means within a limited rate of rise or fall, the limited rate of rise or fall corresponding to a maximum first derivative value of a maximum frequency to be detected in the input signal by the analog to digital converting means.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein:
the analog to digital converter means is configured to sample the analog signal at a sampling frequency; and
the maximum frequency of the analog signal is at most half of the sampling frequency.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising receiving means configured to receive a signal, an input of the analog to digital converting means being coupled to the receiving means so that the analog to digital converting means samples the received signal.
13. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a digital signal processing means coupled to the bandwidth limiting means, the digital signal processing means being configured to digitally process an output signal of the bandwidth limiting means.
14. Apparatus for reducing noise in digitally sampled signals, the apparatus comprising:
analog to digital converting means configured to sample an analog signal to create a digital representation of the analog signal without first passing the analog signal through an anti-aliasing filter; and
bandwidth limiting means coupled to an output of the analog to digital converting means and configured to constrain a bandwidth of an output signal of the analog to digital converting means;
wherein the bandwidth limiting means is configured to compare the output signal of the analog to digital converting means to a moving average calculated using a set of previous constrained output signal values.
15. Apparatus for reducing noise in digitally sampled signals, the apparatus comprising:
analog to digital converting means configured to sample an analog signal to create a digital representation of the analog signal without first passing the analog signal through an anti-aliasing filter; and
bandwidth limiting means coupled to an output of the analog to digital converting means and configured to constrain a bandwidth of an output signal of the analog to digital converting means;
wherein the bandwidth limiting means is configured to compare the output signal of the analog to digital converting means to a moving average calculated using a set of previous constrained output signal values and to replace one of the previous constrained output signal values in the set with a current constrained output signal value.