Method of forming printed patterns
A print material pattern is formed on a receiver element using an elastomeric relief element having a relief pattern. A printable material composition is applied only to the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element and at least at least 50 weight % of a carrier liquid is removed. A receiver element has a print material receptive layer having a dry thickness of 0.05-10 μm and is heated. During contact of the print material composition on the uppermost relief surface and the heated receiver element, the elastomeric relief element is compressed to provide sufficient contact with the receiver element. The elastomeric relief element is then separated from the heated receiver element to leave a pattern of the functional material on the heated receiver element, wherein at least 70 weight % of the original print material is transferred to the heated receiver element.
1. A method for forming a pattern of a print material on a receiver element comprising a print material receptive layer, the method comprising:
providing an elastomeric relief element that comprises a relief pattern comprising (1) an uppermost relief surface, and (2) an average relief image depth of at least 50 μm relative to the uppermost relief surface and a shoulder angle greater than 25° and up to and including 85° from vertical, and (3) a modulus of elasticity of at least 2 megaPascals and up to and including 10 megaPascals,
applying a printable material composition to the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element, the printable material composition comprising a print material and a carrier liquid, the printable material composition having a viscosity of at least 1 cps and up to and including 1500 cps,
removing at least 50 weight % of the carrier liquid from the printable material composition that is disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element, leaving print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface,
providing a receiver element comprising a print material receptive layer disposed on a substrate, wherein the print material receptive layer has a dry thickness of at least 0.05 μm and up to and including 10 μm when measured at 25° C.,
heating the receiver element to a heating temperature that is higher than the glass transition temperature (T gl ) of the print material receptive layer, to form a heated receiver element,
contacting the print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface and the heated receiver element such that the elastomeric relief element is compressed and the print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface is in contact with the heated receiver element, and
separating the elastomeric relief element from the heated receiver element to leave a pattern of the print material on the heated receiver element, wherein at least 70 weight % of the print material originally disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element is transferred to the heated receiver element.
2. The method of claim 1 comprising removing at least 75 weight % of the carrier liquid from the printable material composition on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising removing at least 80 weight % of the carrier liquid from the printable material composition on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element.
4. The method of claim 1 comprising transferring at least 90 weight % of the print material originally disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element to the heated receiver element.
5. The method of claim 1 comprising heating the receiver element to a temperature that is lower than T gs by at least 5° C. and that is higher than T gl by at least 10° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the printable material composition has a viscosity of at least 200 cps and up to and including 900 cps.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the print material receptive layer has a dry thickness of at least 0.05 μm and up to and including 3 μm when measured at 25° C.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric relief element is a flexographic printing member and the relief pattern has an average relief image depth of at least 100 μm relative to the uppermost relief surface.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the flexographic printing member has a modulus of elasticity of at least 4 megaPascals and up to and including 8 megaPascals.
10. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the elastomeric relief element by imagewise exposing an elastomeric relief element precursor.
11. The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the elastomeric relief element by imagewise exposing an elastomeric relief element through a mask image.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the printable material composition comprises a print material that comprises nanoparticles of an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, indium-tin oxide, or combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the printable material is a colorant.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the print material is selected from the group consisting of electrically conductive materials, semi-conductive materials, dielectric materials, small molecule materials, polymeric materials, bio-based materials, electro luminescence materials, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elastomeric relief element comprises a relief layer comprising the relief pattern, which relief layer is disposed on a substrate.
16. The method of claim 1 for providing a pattern of the print material on the heated receiver element comprising lines having an average line width of less than 15 μm.
17. The method of claim 1 for providing a pattern of a print material that comprises a seed material for a subsequent electroless plating process.
18. The method of claim 1 for providing a pattern of a print material that is protective of an underlying uniform metal film during a subsequent etching process.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pattern of a print material is printed onto a primer layer, adhesive layer, charge injection layer, charge transporting layer, or semiconducting layer on the heated receiver element.
20. A method for forming a pattern of a print material on a receiver element comprising a print material receptive layer, the method comprising:
providing an elastomeric relief element that comprises a relief pattern comprising (1) an uppermost relief surface, and (2) an average relief image depth of at least 50 μm relative to the uppermost relief surface and a shoulder angle greater than 25° and up to and including 85° from vertical, and (3) a modulus of elasticity of at least 2 megaPascals and up to and including 10 megaPascals,
applying a printable material composition to the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element, the printable material composition comprising a print material and a carrier liquid, the printable material composition having a viscosity of at least 1 cps and up to and including 1500 cps,
removing at least 25 weight % of the carrier liquid from the printable material composition that is disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element, leaving print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface,
repeating the preceding applying and removing steps together, in the noted sequence, at least once using additional amounts of the same printable material composition and the same elastomeric relief element, to provide an increased amount of print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface,
providing a receiver element comprising a print material receptive layer disposed on a substrate, wherein the print material receptive layer has a dry thickness of at least 0.05 μm and up to and including 10 μm when measured at 25° C.,
heating the receiver element to a heating temperature that is higher than the glass transition temperature (T gl ) of the print material receptive layer, to form a heated receiver element,
contacting the print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface and the heated receiver element such that the elastomeric relief element is compressed by at least 10 μm of its original thickness, and the increased amount of print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface is in contact with the heated receiver element, and
separating the elastomeric relief element from the heated receiver element to leave a pattern of the print material on the heated receiver element, wherein at least 70 weight % of the print material originally disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element is transferred to the heated receiver element.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the relief pattern in the elastomeric relief element has an average relief image depth of at least 100 μm relative to the uppermost relief surface, and a shoulder angle of at least 50° to but less than 75° from vertical.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the pattern of print material on the heated receiver element has an average density of at least 3.5.
23. The method of claim 20 , comprising the following conditions:
removing at least 75 weight % of the carrier liquid from the printable material composition on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element,
transferring at least 90 weight % of the print material originally disposed on the uppermost relief surface of the elastomeric relief element to the heated receiver element, and
contacting the print material disposed on the uppermost relief surface and the heated receiver element,
wherein the print material receptive layer has a dry thickness of at least 0.05 μm and up to and including 3 μm when measured at 20° C.,
wherein the flexographic printing member has a modulus of elasticity of at least 4 megaPascals and up to and including 8 megaPascals, and
wherein the printable material composition comprises a print material that comprises nanoparticles of an electrically conductive material selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, copper, palladium, indium-tin oxide, or combinations thereof.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the printable material composition comprises a print material that comprises a silver salt.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the printable material composition comprises a print material that comprises nanoparticles of silver metal, and the elastomeric relief element is a flexographic printing member.