Solvent extraction from biodegradable microparticles
Embodiments may include a method for reducing a solvent concentration in a plurality of microparticles. The method may involve contacting a mixture including the plurality of microparticles and the solvent with water to form an aqueous suspension. A first portion of the solvent may dissolve into the water of the aqueous suspension to reduce the solvent concentration in the plurality of microparticles from a first solvent concentration in the mixture to a second solvent concentration in the aqueous suspension. The method may also include transferring the aqueous suspension to a concentration unit that may further reduce the solvent concentration from the second solvent concentration to a third solvent concentration. The method may further include transferring a microparticle concentrate with the third solvent concentration to a washing unit to form an amalgam of washed microparticles with a fourth solvent concentration. The method may also include drying the amalgam of washed microparticles.
1. A method for reducing a solvent concentration in a plurality of microparticles, the method comprising:
contacting a mixture comprising the plurality of microparticles and the solvent with water to form an aqueous suspension, wherein a first portion of the solvent dissolves into the water of the aqueous suspension to reduce the solvent concentration in the plurality of microparticles from a first solvent concentration in the mixture to a second solvent concentration in the aqueous suspension;
transferring the aqueous suspension to a concentration unit that further reduces the solvent concentration in the plurality of microparticles from the second solvent concentration to a third solvent concentration by:
(i) introducing additional water to the aqueous suspension in the concentration unit; and
(ii) removing at least a portion of the water and at least a portion of the solvent from the aqueous suspension in the concentration unit, wherein the additional water is introduced at a slower rate than the water and the solvent are removed from the concentration unit to form a microparticle concentrate with the third solvent concentration;
transferring the microparticle concentrate to a washing unit, wherein the microparticle concentrate is contacted with a washing solution to form an amalgam of washed microparticles with a fourth solvent concentration; and
drying the amalgam of washed microparticles to form the plurality of microparticles with a reduced solvent concentration.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microparticles comprise biodegradable microspheres that contain a medically active agent.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the biodegradable microspheres comprise poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the medically active agent comprises PEGylated insulin.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent in the microparticles comprises a halogenated organic solvent.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the halogenated organic solvent comprises methylene chloride.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent concentration in the mixture is 10 to 20 wt. %, and the second solvent concentration in the suspension is 1 to 5 wt. %.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first solvent concentration in the mixture is about 15 wt. %, and the second solvent concentration in the suspension is about 2 wt. %.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the aqueous suspension hardens the microparticles to reduce an amount of a medically active agent contained in the microparticles from dissolving into the water in the aqueous suspension.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration unit comprises a cross-flow filtration unit that removes the water and the solvent from the concentration unit without removing the microparticles.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third solvent concentration in the microparticle concentrate is about 0.5 wt. %.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the microparticle concentrate comprises about 1 vol. % or more of the microspheres.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washing unit separates a first group of microparticles having a target diameter from a second group of microparticles having a size outside the target diameter.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the washing unit uses a stack of porous screens to separate the first group of microparticles from the second group of microparticles.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first group of microparticles has a target diameter ranging from 25 μm to 63 μm.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the washing solution comprises an inorganic base.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the inorganic base comprises sodium bicarbonate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the sodium bicarbonate has a concentration of 0.1 to 1 w/w %.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fourth solvent concentration in the amalgam of washed microparticles is 0.03 wt. % or less.
20. A method of preparing a plurality of biodegradable microspheres with a medically active agent, wherein the biodegradable microspheres have a reduced level of a preparation solvent, the method comprising:
contacting a mixture comprising the plurality of biodegradable microspheres and the preparation solvent with water to form an aqueous suspension, wherein a first portion of the preparation solvent dissolves into the water of the aqueous suspension to reduce the solvent concentration in the plurality of biodegradable microspheres from a first solvent concentration in the mixture to a second solvent concentration in the aqueous suspension;
transferring the aqueous suspension to a concentration unit that further reduces the solvent concentration in the plurality of biodegradable microspheres from the second solvent concentration to a third solvent concentration by:
(i) introducing additional water to the aqueous suspension in the concentration unit; and
(ii) removing at least a portion of the water and at least a portion of the preparation solvent from the aqueous suspension in the concentration unit, wherein the additional water is introduced at a slower rate than the water and the solvent are removed from the concentration unit to form a biodegradable microsphere concentrate with the third solvent concentration;
transferring the biodegradable microsphere concentrate to a washing unit, wherein the biodegradable microsphere concentrate is contacted with a washing solution to form an amalgam of washed biodegradable microspheres with a fourth solvent concentration; and
drying the amalgam of washed biodegradable microspheres to form the plurality of biodegradable microspheres with a reduced solvent concentration.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the biodegradable microspheres comprise poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the medically active agent comprises PEGylated insulin.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the preparation solvent comprises methylene chloride.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein:
the first solvent concentration is 10 to 20 wt. %;
the second solvent concentration is 1 to 5 wt. %;
the third solvent concentration is about 0.5 wt. %; and
the fourth solvent concentration is 0.03 wt. % or less.